2018届高考英语二轮专题复习 定语从句导学案.docVIP

定语从句 【考纲解读】 根据考纲要求,考生应做到: 1.熟练掌握关系代词和关系副词引导的定语从句; 2.区分限制性和非限制性定语从句; 3. 定语从句中的主谓一致； 4. which与that的区别；as与which的区别；whose与of which的转换。 【预习导学】 一、关系代词引导的定语从句 1．who, whom, whose引导的定语从句 (1)who 或whom均可指代人，但who在从句中作主语或宾语，whom在从句中作宾语；两者在引导限制性定语从句时常可用that替换。作主语时，who/that不可省略；作宾语时，whom/who/that可以省略。 ①I’ve become good friends with several of the students in my school ___________________I met in the English speech contest last year. 我与好几位去年在英语演讲比赛中结识的同校同学成了好朋友。 ②I have many friends to __________ I’m going to send post cards. 我有很多打算寄贺卡给他们的朋友。 (2)whose表所属关系，一般指人，也可指物，在从句中作定语。指物时相当于of which；指人时相当于of whom。 The school shop, _____________ customers are mainly students, is closed for the holidays. 这家校内商店的主要顾客是学生，放假时商店关门。 2．that, which引导的定语从句 (1)which指物，在从句中可以作主语、宾语，也可作定语，作宾语时可以省略。that指人或物均可，在从句中可以作主语、宾语、表语，作宾语时可以省略。 She showed the visitors around the museum ____________ had been constructed three years before. 她带着这些游客参观了那座三年前建造的博物馆。 (2)限制性定语从句中，关系代词只用that 不用which的情况： ①先行词为不定代词anything, nothing, something, everything, all, some, none, little, few, the one等时。 I refuse to accept the blame for something ___________ was someone else’s fault. 我拒绝接受因别人的错误而对我进行的指责。 ②先行词是形容词最高级或序数词，或先行词前有形容词最高级或序数词修饰时。 The first place ________ they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill. 他们在桂林参观的第一个地方是象鼻山。 ③先行词被the only, the very, the last, the same, any, every, each, few, little, no, some, all等修饰时。 The only part of the meal _________ I really liked was the dessert. 这顿饭只有甜点是我真正爱吃的。 ④先行词中既有表示人又有表示物的名词时。 They will never forget the things and persons ________ they’ve seen or heard of during their long journey. 他们将永远不会忘记在他们的长途旅行中见到或听说过的人和事。 (3)关系词只用which而不用that的情况： ①关系词引导非限制性定语从句时。 The boy was away from home for a week, _________ worried his parents very much. 这个男孩离家一个星期了，这使他父母很担心。 ②当从句中的介词提前，构成“介词＋关系代词”结构时。 We live in an age _________ more information is available with greater ease than ever before. 我们生活在一个信息比以前更容易获得的时代。 3．as引导的定语从句 (1)as 可以引导限制性定语从句，常用于“so/such/the same＋先行词＋as ...”结构中。 Such machines _______ are