2018年高考英语大冲刺 备考“最后30天”专题七 虚拟语气.docVIP

专题七 虚拟语气 I apologize if I ___________ you, but I assure you it was unintentional. A. offend B. had offended C. should have offended D. might have offended 【解析】此题要求在if从句中选择适当的动词形式，以主句中的动词apologize来看，if从句中表达的内容应该是过去做的事，因此可以排除（A），因为（A）是现在时。（C）中should+have+过去分词结构表示本来应该做却没有做的事，在此不合题意。（D）选项中的might+have+过去分词结构表示对过去发生的事情很不肯定的猜测，它表达的内容还不能成为事实，所以藉此道歉真是不知从何说起，因此此处也不合题意。（B）had offended表示当时已经发生了的动作。这是复杂条件句：apologize 是现在 【答案】B Had Paul received six more votes in the last election, he ____________ our chairman now. A. must have been B. would have been C. were D. would be 【解析】这道题目是一个混合虚拟语气的句子。条件句省略了if，把助词had提前到主语前面，表示对过去情况的假设，而主句中now表明了对现在情况的假设，所以应选would(should, could, might)+动词原形这种表达形式。四个选项中只有（D）是正确表达形式，故为正确答案。 D Without electronic computers, much of today’s advanced technology______________________. A. will not have been achieved B. have not been achieved C. would not have been achieved D. had not been achieved 【解析】这是含蓄虚拟条件句，通过介词短语without,表示潜在的一种假设，而主句中的情况也早已经发生，所以是对过去情况的一种假设，因此用would not have been achieved这一形式。 C I enjoyed the movie very much. I wish I _____ the book from which it was made. A. have read　　　　　　　　 B. had read C. should have read　　　　 D. are reading wish后面用虚拟语气，表示与过去事实相反用过去完成时 【答案】B 虚拟语气 一、if引导的条件句中的用法 If+主语+动词的过去式（be用were）+would(should could might)+动词原型 If I had time, I would attend the meeting. If+主语+had+动词的过去分词+would（should could might+have+动词的过去分词 If he had hurried , he could have caught the train. If+主语+动词过去式 were to+ 动词原形 should +动词原形+would（could should might）+动词原型 If I were to go abroad , I would go to America. 有时条件从句中的动作与主句中的动作，发生的时间不一致，这是动作的形式应根据它所表示的时间加以调整。 If you had followed my advice , you would be better now. If you had studied hard before, you would be a college student now. 三、 有时虚拟条件句并没用if从句表示出来，而是用介词短语（otherwise，or，without，but for）上下文或其他方式来表示。 1.条件暗含在短语中； 2.条件暗含在上下文中； 3.虚拟式变为习惯说法，很难找出其暗含的条件。 30分/3min） 1. --- I’m sorry. I _______ at you the other day. --- Forget it. I was