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American Transcendentalism Transcendentalism Transcendentalism is literature, philosophical and literary movement that flourished in New England from about 1836 to 1860. It originated among a small group of intellectuals who were reacting against the orthodoxy of Calvinism and the rationalism of the Unitarian church, developing instead their own faith centering on the divinity of humanity and the natural world. B. What are the sources of Transcendentalism? C. What are the doctrines of Transcendentalism? Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803—1882) B. Main Woks Nature (1836) Brief Introduction Excerpts Standing on the bare ground,—my head bathed by the blithe air, and uplifted into infinite space, —all mean egotism vanishes. I become a transparent eye-ball ; I am nothing ; I see all ; the currents of the Universal Being circulate through me ; I am part or particle of God. --- from the first paragraph of Chapter 1 “Nature” The kingdom of man over nature, which cometh not with observation,—a dominion such as now is beyond his dream of God,—he shall enter without more wonder than the blind man feels who is gradually restored to perfect sight. --- from the first paragraph of Chapter 1 “Nature” C. What does Emerson believe in? D. How important is Emerson in history? Aesthetic ideas He is a complete man, an eternal man. True poetry and true art should ennoble. The poet should express his thought in symbols. As to theme, Emerson called upon American authors to celebrate America which was to him a lone poem in itself. Commodity “Under the general name of Commodity, I rank all those advantages which our senses owe to nature. ” “Nature, in its ministry to man, is not only the material, but is also the process and the result.” Beauty Another want of man is served by nature, namely, the love of Beauty. Language Words are signs of natural facts. Particular natural facts are symbols of particular spiritual fac