04PLSQL编程基础-5-异常.ppt

Exception Types You can program for exceptions to avoid disruption at runtime. There are three types of exceptions. Note: Some application tools with client-side PL/SQL, such as Developer/2000 Forms, have their own exceptions. Trapping Predefined Oracle Server Errors Trap a predefined Oracle Server error by referencing its standard name within the corresponding exception-handling routine. For a complete list of predefined exceptions, seePL/SQL User’s Guide and Reference, Release 8, “Error Handling.” Note: PL/SQL declares predefined exceptions in the STANDARD package.It is a good idea to always consider the NO_DATA_FOUND and TOO_MANY_ROWS exceptions, which are the most common. Trapping Predefined Oracle Server Exceptions In the slide example for each exception, a message is printed out to the user. Only one exception is raised and handled at any time. Trapping Predefined Oracle Server Exceptions In the slide example for each exception, a message is printed out to the user. Only one exception is raised and handled at any time. Trapping Non-Predefined Oracle Server Errors You trap a non-predefined Oracle Server error by declaring it first, or by using the OTHERS handler. The declared exception is raised implicitly. In PL/SQL, the pragma EXCEPTION_INIT tells the compiler to associate an exception name with an Oracle error number. That allows you to refer to any internal exception by name and to write a specific handler for it. Note: PRAGMA (also called pseudoinstructions) is the keyword that signifies that the statement is a compiler directive, which is not processed when the PL/SQL block is executed. Rather, it directs the PL/SQL compiler to interpret all occurrences of the exception name within the block as the associated Oracle Server error number. Trapping a Non-Predefined Oracle Server Exception 1. Declare the name for the exception within the declarative section. Syntax where: exception is the name of the exception. 2. Associate the declared exce