外经贸英语阅读与翻译.pptVIP

Chapter One An Introduction to International Trade Why international trade? To make up for various deficiencies in raw materials To exchange a wide variety of processed foods and finished products Each country has its own specialties Three common specialty classifications are capital, labour and land. 1. capital-intensive products 2. labour-intensive products 3. land-intensive products Wheat farming/cattle production/vechicle/consumer goods How to adapt to a new economy? --train their workers for future roles --develop cutting-edge technology 1.1.1 Definition of International Trade 1.Trade/Commerce --The voluntary exchange of goods and services. --A mechanism that allows trade is called a market --The original form of trade was barter --money is a medium of exchange --bilateral trade and multilateral trade --Trade exists for many reasons: specialization/division of labor/comparative advantage/mass production 2. international trade The exchange of goods and services across national borders In many countries, it represents a significant part of Gross Domestic Product. While international trade has been present throughout much of history, its economic, social and political importance has increased in recent centuries, mainly because of industrialization, advanced transportation, globalization, transnational corporations. Trade restrictions: quotas/tariffs/subsidies Free trade / protectionist policy 3.the difference between international trade and domestic trade Special problems may arise in international trade which are not normally experienced in domestic trade: International trade usually has to be conducted in foreign languages and under foreign laws and regulations. It is difficult to obtain information about the credit and financial standing of the possible dealing partners. It is often unavoidable to use foreign currency in international trade and exchange rate variations can be risky to international traders. Numerous culture differences may be taken into ac