2013年9月22号文学课chapter3.pptVIP

Chapter 3 English Literature in the Renaissance 文艺复兴时期文学（15世纪后期-17世纪初） 文艺复兴标志着中世纪的结束和现代生活的开始。一般说来，它从14世纪的意大利开始，带来绘画、雕塑和文学领域的百花齐放，而后席卷整个欧洲，到17世纪中叶结束。 文艺复兴，即重生、复苏，是由一系列历史事件激发推动的，其中包括对古希腊、罗马文化的重新发现，地理天文领域的新发现，宗教改革及经济发展。 英国的文艺复兴起始较晚，通常认为是在15世纪末。文艺复兴时期形成的思想体系被称为人文主义，它主张以人为本，反对中世纪以神为中心的世界观，提倡积极进取、享受现世欢乐的生活理想。托马斯-莫尔是英国最主要的早期人文主义者，他的《乌托邦》批评了当时的英国和欧洲社会，设计了一个社会平等、财产公有、人们和谐相处的理想国。Utopia 现已成为空想主义的代名词。 《乌托邦》开创了英国哲理幻想小说传统的先河。 名词解释:1)Renaissance(文艺复兴) 1) Renaissance： it means“rebirth”, it meant the reintroduction into Western Europe of the full cultural heritage of Greece and Rome. The essence of the Renaissance is Humanism. Attitudes and feelings which had been characteristic of the 14th and 15th centuries persisted well down into the era of Humanism and Reformation. The real mainstream of the English Renaissance is the Elizabethan drama with William Shakespeare being the leading dramatist. 名词解释:2)Humanism(人文主义) 2） Humanism: is the essence of the Renaissance. It emphasizes the dignity of human beings and the importance of the present life. Humanists voiced their beliefs that man was the center of the universe and man did not only have the right to enjoy the beauty of the present life, but had the ability to perfect himself and to perform wonders. 人文主义以人，尤其是个人的兴趣、价值观和尊严作为出发点。对人文主义来说，人与人之间的容忍、无暴力和思想自由是人与人之间相处最重要的原则。 Thomas More Life: Thomas More (1478-1535) was born in a middle-class family. His father was a prominent lawyer, and later a judge. A scholar by nature, he became a lawyer. Thomas More Book: Utopia is Mores masterpiece, written in the form of conversation between More and Hythloday, a returned voyager. It is divided into two books. The first book contains a long discussion on the social conditions of England. The second book describes in detail an ideal communist society, Utopia(乌托邦；理想国；理想的完美社会). The name “ Utopia” comes from two Greek words meaning“ no place” and was adopted by More as the name of his ideal commonwealth. writers and works 文艺复兴时期诗歌创作繁荣，埃德蒙