词法、句子及句子成分(整理版).doc

词法、句子及句子成分 一、名词（n.） 1.定义：表示名称的词叫名词。 e.g. Tom, scientist, doctor, feeling, Internet, Shanghai, animal 2.名词的句法功能 1) The book is well worth reading. 2) He knew 6 languages. 3) They elected him monitor. 4) Is it a color TV? 5) I watch a football match last night. 二、代词（pron.） 1.定义：代词是代替名词的词。英语的代词按照其不同的含义与作用可分为9类：人称代词，物主代词，反身代词，指示代词，相互代词，不定代词，疑问代词，连接代词，关系代词。 2.分类 单数 复数 1）人称代词 主格：I, you, he, she, it we, you, they 宾格：me, you, him, her, it us, you, them 2）物主代词 形容词：my, your, his, her, its our, your, their 名词：mine, your, his, hers, its ours, yours, theirs 3)反身代词 myself, yourself, himself, herself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves itself 4)指示代词 this, that these, those 5)相互代词 宾格: each other, one another 所有格：each other’s, one another’s 6)不定代词 可数：each, one, many, (a) few, both, another, either, neither 不可数：much, (a) little 可数/不可数：all, some, none, such, any, other 复合不定代词：anybody, anyone, anything, somebody, someone, something, nobody, nothing, everybody, everyone, everything 7)疑问代词：who, whom, whose, which, what 8)连接代词：who(ever), whom(ever), whose(ver), which(ever), what(ever) 9)关系代词：who, whom, whose, which, that, as 三、形容词（adj.） 1.定义：形容词用于修饰名词或代词，表示人或事物的性质和特征，在句中可作 定语、表语、补语或状语。 2.句法功能 1) He lives in an old house. 2) After a long walk, I felt tired. 3) He spent seven days in the wind and snow, cold and hungry. 4) He found it easy to learn English. 四、副词(adv.) 1.定义：副词用于修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词短语、句子，主要用作状语， 少数与介词同形的副词还可作表语或补足语。 注：副词有9种：时间，地点，方式，程度，疑问，连接，关系，频度和说明性 副词。 2.句法功能 1) It’s raining hard. 2) This is a fairly useful tool. 3) Perhaps he will telephone later. 4) Is he up? 5) She is out. 6) Life here is full of joy. 7) Ask him in, please. 五、冠词(art.) 1.定义：虚词，本身不能独立使用，一般出现在名词前，对名词加以限制。冠词 分为不定冠词(a, an)和定冠词(the)两种。定冠词the表特指，e.g. the man;不定冠 词a(n)在名词前表泛指，e.g. a man。 六、介词(prep) 1.定义：介词又叫前置词，表示它后面的名词或相当于名词的其他结构与句子其 他成分的关系。