09-2 与视胗觉器官.pptVIP

第二节视觉器官Visual sense organs; 一、折光系统的功能 Function of the dioptric system (一) 简化眼 reduced eye;(二) 正常眼成像 远点 far-point;Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.;(三) 眼的调节 Visual accommodation ;1. 晶状体反射 accommodation reflex 晶状体变凸(前面为主) →折射力 增加→焦距度短 →物象前移→ 回到视网膜;调节力 Accommodation force 近点 near point;Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.;2.瞳孔近反射 near response 视近物→瞳孔缩小→减少球面像差 和色像差→增加清晰度;Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.;Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.;Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.;3. 辐辏反射 Biconcave ;Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.;晶状体反射 2.瞳孔近反射 3. 辐辏反射;(四) 折光异常 ametropia 近视、远视、老视、散光;1. 近视 myopia 远点、近点都近移;2. 远视 hyperopia 远点消失、近点远移;3. 老视 presbyopia 远点正常、近点远移;4. 散光 astigmatism;(五) 瞳孔反射 pupillary reflex 对光反射 light reflex 临床意义;二、感光系统的功能 Function of the photosensory system;(一) 视杆细胞和 视锥细胞 rods and cones ;Rods 周边部、分辨力低、暗光觉、 聚合联系、无色觉、含视紫红质 Cones 中央部 (中央凹)、分辨力高、昼 光觉、单线联系、色觉、含视紫 蓝质;Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.;Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.;(二) 视杆细胞感光换能机制;1. 视紫红质 Rhodopsin 的发现; 2. Rhodopsin 的光化学反应 视紫红质 = 视蛋白 + 11-顺视???醛 视蛋白 全反型视黄醛 11-顺视黄醛