X线辐射防护(国外英文资料).docVIP

X线辐射防护 Some basic knowledge of radiation protection The amount of application in radiation protection and its units 1, dose equivalent The biological effect of a certain amount of absorption depends on the quality of the radiation and the conditions of exposure. Different types of radiation have the same amount of absorption, and the biological effects may be different. Said quality factors in the field of radiation protection, the radiation can pass linear density, to the effect of absorbed dose weighted, make the absorbed dose after weighted can well express the chance of biological effect or the severity of the biological effects. The weighted absorption dose is called the dose equivalent. The SI unit of dose equivalent is J.k g minus 1. Special name Sv (Sv), the old special unit is rem. 1 the sv = 1000 MSV = 100 rem Effective dose equivalent Any exposure of human body, almost always involves more than one organ or tissue, and various organs or tissues of the risk of radiation effect is also different, calculated by irradiation of the relevant organ or organization bring effective dose equivalent total risk. Its also the unit of Sv. Mechanism of ionizing radiation damage When the body after exposure to ionizing radiation effect, material molecules by energy absorption, molecular ionization and excitation, through the direct effect and indirect effect, lead to biological macromolecules (proteins, nucleic acids, etc.). On the basis of this, changes in cell metabolism, function and structure occur, resulting in body damage. 1, the primary role The primary function of ionizing radiation is a series of changes in the process of the radiation that occurs before the body is exposed to an apparent symptom and body disease. 2, a secondary role The secondary effect of ionizing radiation is a series of changes following the occurrence of symptoms, which overlap with the original function. Factors that affect radiation damage One, the factors associated with radiation 1, the