小儿脱水(国外英文资料).docVIP

小儿脱水 Dehydration is the amount of fluid in the body, especially in the extracellular fluid. When dehydrated, there is a loss of sodium, potassium and other electrolytes. The cause of dehydration is fluid and/or fluid loss. Diagnostic point Determine the degree of dehydration Refers to the amount of fluid loss that accumulates after the illness, which is the percentage of the weight of dehydration, which is generally based on the general analysis of clinical performance. mild Weight loss: 2 years old: 5 percent; 2 years or more: 3% Pee: slightly less Thirsty: + Anterior fontanelle (baby), eye socket: normal or concave Oral mucosa: dry Skin: slightly dry, normal Normal blood pressure: Acromegaly: warm Spirit: normal moderate Weight loss: 2 years: 5% to 9%; Greater than 2 years: 3% to 6% Urine: decreased significantly Thirsty: 2 + Anterior fontanelle (baby), eye socket: visible depression Oral mucosa: dry Skin: dry and elastic Blood pressure: normal or slightly lower Acromegaly: cool Spirit: fidgety or lethargy severe Weight loss: 2 years old: 10%; Or 2 years old: 7% Urine: little or no urine Thirsty: 3 + Anterior fontanelle (baby), eye socket: deep Oral mucosa: extremely dry Skin: dry, gray or patterned and elastic Blood pressure, lower Extremity: cool, cold Spirit: lethargy or lethargy Determine the nature of the dehydration According to the water and electrolyte (mainly sodium) the loss ratio is different and the fluid osmotic pressure changes, and the dehydration is divided into three types: osmotic, low permeability, and high permeability dehydration. (1) the osmotic dehydration Water and sodium are proportionately lost, plasma osmosis is normal, blood sodium is measured between 130 and 150 mmol/L, and is the most common form of dehydration. It is characterized by the loss of extracellular fluid, which is typical of dehydration and is common in infants and children with acute diarrhea. (2) low permeability dehydration Loss of sodium is more than loss of wa