生命科学之遗传学简介.pptVIP

Cell Division (Meiosis) 1. A process of cell division where the number of chromasomes is cut in half 2. Occurs in gonads (testes, ovaries, stamens, etc) 3. Makes gametes (sperm, ova, pollen, etc) Life Science Genetics Genetics The study of heredity, how traits are passed from parent to offspring x = or or The study of heredity started with the work of Gregor Mendel and his pea plant garden Mendel was an Austrian Monk that lived in the mid 1800’s Mendel noted that the size of pea plants varied. He cross-bred these pea plants to find some surprising results. Mendel’s cross between tall pea plants yielded all tall pea plants. His cross between small pea plants yielded all small pea plants. Mendels’ cross between tall pea plants and small pea plants yielded all tall pea plants. X = x = X = Mendel then crossed these second generation tall pea plants and ended up with 1 out 4 being small. x = Mendel’s work led him to the understanding that traits such as plant height are carried in pairs of information not by single sets of information. -Carrying the information are chromosomes. -Chromosomes are made up of sections called genes. -Genes are made up of DNA DNA D.N.A. - Deoxyribonucleic Acid Molecule made of: 1. Deoxy Sugar 2. Combination of four nitrogen bases Either: a. Guanine b. Cytocine c. Thymine d. Adenine The sum total of combinations that these four bases are capable of creating are greater than all the stars visible in the night time sky DNA Nitrogen bases pair up Cytosine Guanine Thymine Adenine Pairing creates a ladder shape Angle of bonds creates a twist Ladder and Twist produces the famous “Double Helix” DNA DNA resides in all cells Inside the nucleus Each strand forms a chromosome Cell Nucleus DNA DNA DNA is found in all living cells It controls all functions inside a cell It stores all the genetic