95系列高速柴油机活塞组的设计.docVIP

摘 要 柴油机活塞是柴油机重要运动件之一, 由于它所处的工作条件相当严酷, 即高温、高负荷、高速运动、润滑不良和冷却困难等, 使其成为柴油机常见故障较多的零件之一。随着柴油机技术水平的提高, 95系列高速柴油机活塞的研制和运用, 气缸内平均有效压力、最高燃气压力和温度均急剧地提高, 使活塞处在更严酷的工作环境中。活塞已成为柴油机强化的一个最大障碍。这就给设计高速柴油机活塞的人员提出了一个这样的课题, 如何在提高发动机性能的前提下, 提高活塞工作的可靠性和耐久性。分析表明：通过合理的活塞设计，可以有效的提高活塞工作的可靠性，以及活塞的耐久性，，充分发挥95系列柴油机活塞的耐久性。 本次设计的任务主要是95系列高速柴油机活塞组的设计，包括活塞头，活塞环，活塞销座，活塞裙部，活塞销的设计。 其中95系列高速柴油机活塞活塞头部设计是本次设计重中之重，因为它承受周期性变化的气压力直接作用，机械符合高达62000牛顿的机械负荷；活塞在汽缸内工作时 ，活塞头部承受舜变高温燃气的作用，燃气的最高温度高达2000-2500度，而且活塞头部温度梯度分布极不均匀，这就造成活塞头部热应力分布不均，95系列柴油机活塞组头部承受极大热负荷。 本次设计活塞头部通过采用耐高温，热膨胀系数小，比重小的共晶铝硅合金材料以及合理的头部高度设计，将有效减轻活塞机械负荷和热负荷，增强活塞寿命以及耐磨性。 关键字：柴油机；活塞；活塞裙；活塞销 Abstract The diesel engine piston is one of the movement parts of diesel engine, since the fact that its part work term is considerably perishing ,high temperature , high burthen , high speed movement,lubrication badness,cooling hardness and so on, therefore it becomes one of diesel engine which commonly becomes break down. Along with 95 set diesel engine piston at a high speed development and in the wake of the gasoline engine technique level,s raiseing ,equal valid pressure and the supremeest gas turbine pressure force and temperature all sharply lift, the piston is in the bitterer work environment . The piston has become the largest obstruction that the diesel engine is intensified . This is a problem for staff who design the diesel engine piston at a high speed to propose such task , and how is living to lift below the motor performance prerequisite , making 95 set diesel engine piston work dependability and stably . The analysis makes known : By means of the rightful piston design , the raise piston work dependability that may be valid , along with the piston endurance , the 95 set diesel engine pistons endurance are sufficiently brought into play The designing mission chiefly is piston series of 95 set diesel engine at a high speed, including piston head ,piston packing ring ,the piston pin and the piston skirt. Keywords :Diesel engine; Piston ; Piston skirt;