加密数字货币系统共识机制综述①.PDF

2017 年 第 26 卷 第 4 期 计 算 机 系 统 应 用 加密数字货币系统共识机制综述① 1,2 1 3 夏 清 , 张凤军 , 左 春 1( 中国科学院软件研究所 互联网金融技术研究中心, 北京 100190) 2( 中国科学院大学 计算机与控制学院, 北京 100190) 3( 中科软科技股份有限公司, 北京 100190) 摘 要: 共识机制是以区块链技术为支撑的加密数字货币系统的核心, 分析并比较了现有的三种典型共识机制, 为区块链开发者设计共识机制提供参考和建议. 解析了三种主流共识机制 PoW 、PoS 、DPoS 的基本思想、运行 过程与优缺点, 随后从公平性、运转开销、可持续性等几个方面归纳出每种共识机制的特点, 然后从信用的去中 心化程度、授权等多个角度进行分析比较, 考量不同应用场景下的共识需求. 从应用场景出发, 将两种或以上共 识机制结合使用, 在完全去中心化与中心化中间寻找到适合的平衡点, 更符合未来共识机制的应用需求. 关键词: 共识机制; 加密数字货币; 区块链; 去中心化; 开发 Review for Consensus Mechanism of Cryptocurrency System 1,2 1 3 XIA Qing , ZHANG Feng-Jun , ZUO Chun 1(Research Center for Internet Finance Technology, Institute of Software Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China) 2(School of Computer and Control Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China) 3(Sinosoft Company Limited, Beijing 100190, China) Abstract: Consensus mechanism is the core of the cryptocurrency system which is based on the block chain technology. This paper analyzes and compares the three typical consensus mechanisms to provide references and suggestions for the design of consensus mechanism for block chain developers. The basic idea, operation process and advantages and disadvantages of the three mainstream consensus mechanisms, PoW, PoS and DPoS, are analyzed. Then the characteristics of each consensus mechanism are summarized from the aspects of fairness, running cost and sustainability. And then we analyze and compare them from the credit to the degree of decentralization, authorization and other aspects, consider the consensus needs under the different application scenarios. From the application scena