连锁遗传与染色体作图.pptVIP

* Chapter 4 Linkage Inheritance and Mapping Gene on Chromosome 第四章 连锁遗传及染色体作图 4.1 Law of Linkage (连锁规律) 4.2 Frequency of cross-overs (交换值) 4.3 Mapping gene on chromosomes (基因定位) 4.4 Interference（干涉） 4.5 Linkage analysis in fungi (真菌的连锁分析) 4.1 Law of Linkage (连锁规律) Linkage is the tendency for alleles of two or more genes to pass from one generation to the next in the same combination. Only genes situated on the same chromosome can show linkage. That means the closer together any two genes lie on the same chromosome the more linkage they are to show linkage and the stronger that linkage will be. 连锁 - 两个或两个以上等位基因一起从一代传递到下一代的现象。 e.g. 雄性果蝇的完全连锁遗传(测交后代表型与亲本完全一致,无新类型产生)： 亲本 灰身残翅 (male) × 黑身长翅 (female) 子一代 灰身长翅 (male) × 黑身残翅 (female) 子代配子 配子比1:1 测交后代 灰身残翅 黑身长翅 表型比1:1 B vg B vg b Vg b Vg B vg b Vg b vg b vg B vg b Vg b vg B vg b vg b Vg b vg 4.1.1 Complete linkage (完全连锁): Complete linkage 同源染色体上的基因随其染色体一起进入到同一配子中去的遗传方式。 4.1.2 雌果蝇的不完全连锁遗传 (incomplete linkage)： 亲本 灰身残翅 (male) × 黑身长翅 (female) 子一代 灰身长翅(female) × 黑身残翅(male) 子代配子 配子比两两相等 测交后代 灰身残翅 灰身长翅 黑身残翅 黑身长翅 亲本型83% 41.5% 8.5% 8.5% 41.5% 交换型 17% B vg B vg b Vg b Vg B vg b Vg b vg b vg B vg b Vg b vg B vg b vg b Vg b vg B Vg b vg B Vg b vg b vg b vg Incomplete linkage 同源染色体上的基因既有连锁又有交换的遗传现象 — 连锁互换律 presented in 1910 by Morgan 4.2 Frequency of cross-overs (交换值) Frequency of cross-overs ={重组配子数(交换型配子数) / 总配子数(交换型+亲本型)}×100% = (No. of recombinant / Total no. of prog