土木工程专业外语秦卫红主编1-7课后答案.docxVIP

ENGLISH WORDS A total elongation of a bar carrying an axial force 带了轴力的杆件伸长量 A bar that has constant cross section throughout its length and a strait axis一个全长等截面的直轴 A uniform stretching 均匀拉伸 Units of force divided by area 单位面积上的力 A compressive stress 压应力 At right angles to its axis 垂直于轴杆 This condition will be realized if the axial force P acts through the centroid of the cross section, as can be demonstrated y statics. 这种情况将被认为：如果一个轴向力P作用在横截面中心，那么它可以以静力学来解释。 Also, unless stated otherwise, it is generally assumed that the weight of the object itself is neglected, as was done when discussing the bar in Fig. 1-1 . 同样，除非另有说明，这个通常假设该物体的重力被忽略，对于在像图Ι-Ι讨论杆件的时候。 By making an artificial cut through the bar at right angles to its axis, we can isolate parts of the bar as a free body. 人工的截开这个杆在垂直于轴向的方向上，我们能隔离出杆的一部分为自由端。 The concepts of stress and strain can be illustrated in an elementary way by considering the extension of prismatic bar. 应力和应变能够用一种基本的方式来解释，考虑该柱形延伸的杆件。 Assuming that the stress has a uniform distribution over the cross section ,we can readily see that its resultant is equal to the intensity ａ times the cross-section area A of the bar. 假设在整个横截面上有着均匀分布的应力，我们能理解到它的结果等于强度6与横截面面积A的乘积。 When the bar is being stretched by the force P, as shown in the figure, the resulting stress is a tensile stress; if the forces are reversed in direction, causing the bar to be compressed, they are called compressive stresses. 当一个杆件被力P拉伸，我们可以看到在途中，这个结果应力为拉力，如果这个里方向相反，将造成这个敢见被压缩，这叫压应力。 The critical load 临界荷载 The ultimate load 最终荷载 a modulus of elasticity 弹性模量 a factor of safety 安全因素 elastic buckling 弹性弯曲 initial crookedness 故有弯曲 the slenderness ratio 长细比 A diagram of the compressive stress in the column versus the slenderness ratio can now be plotted. 一个图表关于有压力的柱体长细比能马上被绘制。 For practical purpose it is sometimes sufficient to draw a straight line EB and to consider that it represents the critical stresses for medium-length columns. 对实际的目的而