2004 Nobel Prize in chemistry - the introduction of protein degradation(国外英文资料).docVIP

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2004 Nobel Prize in chemistry - the introduction of protein degradation(国外英文资料).doc

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2004 Nobel Prize in chemistry - the introduction of protein degradation(国外英文资料)

2004 Nobel Prize in chemistry - the introduction of protein degradation(国外英文资料) Protein-mediated protein degradation Introduction to the 2004 Nobel Prize in chemistry Abstract: Israeli scientists Aaron che ha nuovo (Aaron Ciechanover), Avram Avram Hershko (Avram Hershko) and American scientists Owen Ross (Irwin Rose) by finding ubiquitin regulation of protein degradation was awarded the 2004 Nobel Prize in chemistry. Ubiquitin is a polypeptide with 76 amino acids, which is present in many different tissues and organs, except bacteria, and has the effect of marking the degradation of protein. The proteins labeled by the ubiquitin are degraded in the protease body. Ubiquitin control protein degradation has important physiological significance, he can not only remove the wrong protein, the cell cycle, DNA replication and chromosome structure has important role in regulation. Abstract: The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2004 is shared among there scientists who have made fundamental discoveries concerning（有关于） how cells regulate（控制、调节） the breakdown of intra（内部）cellular（有许多小元件组成的、蜂窝状的） proteins with extreme specificity as to target, time and space. Aaron Ciechanover, Avram Hershko and Irwin Rose together discovered ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis, a process where an enzyme（酶） system tags unwanted proteins with many molecules of the 76-aminoacid residue（剩余） protein ubiquitin（泛素）. The tagged proteins are then transported to the proteasome, a large multisubunit protease（蛋白酶） complex, where they are degraded（退化的、被降级的）. Numerous cellular process regulated by ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis include the cell cycle, DNA repair and transcription, protein quality control and the immune（免疫的、免疫学） response. Defects in this proteolysis (蛋白质降解) have a causal role in many human diseases, including a variety of cancers. 1 the introduction The royal Swedish academy of sciences to the Nobel Prize for chemistry in 2004 Israeli scientists Aaron Ciechanover, Avram Hershko and Irwin Rose, scientists