马士基集装箱基础知识培训文档.ppt

Container History In 1956, ocean-borne containerization is introduced with the shipment of Sea-Land containers aboard the Ideal-X from Port Newark, New Jersey, to Houston, Texas. * Before containerships, cargo was painstakingly moved in cargo nets. The name for this type of cargo movement, “break bulk”, seems appropriate. History of Container Shipping Break bulk and “General Cargo” was labor intensive, subject to damage from weather and slow to load/unload. The cargo was handled many times, making damage and ‘lost’cargo inevitably. History of Container Shipping Advantages Quicker More load per lift Less damage to cargo No special shore equipment needed. Disadvantages Expensive Not all cargo can be palletized Broken stowage High investment The pallet was the next evolutionary stage in containerization. Although an improvement over break bulk, there were still problems. History of Container Shipping The concept of shipping cargo in containers was not new; the German company Schenker AG, made its first sea freight container shipments in 1931. The first sea-freight History of Container Shipping Early Container Shipping During the early days of cargo shipping, containers were lashed to the deck. Later, containers were placed below deck. Eventually full container or cellular-built vessels were designed that are now the mainstay of the cargo revolution. History of Container Shipping Early Container Shipping History of Container Shipping *