必修二第四单元 1 老师用.docVIP

知识梳理 protection n.(1)[U]保护，防御； You’d better turn to an adult for protection. 你最好向成年人寻求保护。 [C]保护者，防护物 Shoes are the protections for the feet. 鞋子是用来保护脚的。 [短语拓展] ①under the protection of 在...的保护下 ②afford/give/provide protection 提供保护 ③receive protecton 受到保护 ④a protection against/from 防御....的保护物 [思维拓展] protect 是及物动词，意为“保护”。 ①protect sb./sth. from + n. 保护.....免受...... ②protect sb./oneself from + doing 保护某人免受...... ③protect A against B 保护A免遭B的危害 die out (动、植物物种）灭绝；（风俗、习惯等）逐渐消失，消灭；（火）逐渐熄灭。 [短语拓展] ①die away (声音、光线、风等）逐渐平息、渐弱 ②die off (家庭、种族等）相继死亡，（草木）先后枯死 ③die down (火、兴奋等）渐弱，渐息 ④be dying for 很想要，渴望 ⑤be dying to do 很想做，渴望做 ⑥die of 因....而死 ⑦die from 因....而死，死于 ⑧die a ...death 以....方式死亡（death前可用形容词） Many animals have died out over the past years. 在过去几年间，许多动物灭绝了。 That custom died out years ago. 那种风俗许多年前消失了。 The Red Indian tribes have now almost died out. 印第安人部落现在几乎灭绝了。 progress n.(1)[U]进步，进展 You have made great progress in your spoken English. 你的英语口语已经有了很大进步。 n.(2)[U]前进，行进 The ship made slow progress through the rough sea. 轮船在汹涌的大海上缓慢前进。 [思维拓展] progress 可用作不及物动词，意为“进步，提高；前进，行进。” decrease vt.vi.(使）变小，减少 The workers wanted to decrease the number of working hours and to increase pay. 工人们想要减少工作时间并增加工资。 n.减少 There has been a steady decrease in population in this city. 这个城市的人口在不断减少。 [常用搭配] on the decrease 在减少 a decrease in sth. 某事物的减少 [搭配拓展] decrease from 在....基础上减少 decrease in 在...方面减少 decrease to 减至.....；减少到 decrease by 减少了..... loss (lose v.) n.(1)[U] 遗失，丧失 Did you report the loss of your jewellery to the police? 你有没有把你丢失珠宝的事报告警方？ 损失，损坏 The company suffered a heavy loss as a result of that mistake. 因为那次错误，公司损失惨重。 [C]输，未能赢 What made him unhappy was the loss of yesterday’s football match. 昨天比赛输了使他不高兴。 [思维拓展] the loss of sth. 损失/丢失/损害/输掉........ lose oneself 迷路，迷失方向；沉湎于 suffer a loss(of) 蒙受损失 lose one’s balance 失去平衡 make up a loss 弥补损失 lose a game /match by （以...之差）输掉比赛 a loss in weight