济南大学专业英语考试.docVIP

1. What are composites? Characteristics, types什么是复合材料？特点、类型（p98） Composites: composites are hybrid混合的 creations made of two or more materials that maintain their identities（身份） when combined. They are combinations of materials assembled（组合的） together to obtain properties superior to those of their single constituent characteristics. They are expensive compete with metal and polymers（高分子） because the manufacturing（制造） of composites involves many steps. It’s difficult to recycle. Characteristics: (1) The properties of one constituent（成分） enhance the deficient（不足） properties of the other. (2) Usually, a given property of a composite lies between the values for each constituent. (3) Sometimes, the property of a composite is clearly superior to those of either of the constituents. (4) Because manufacturing of composites involves many steps and is labour intensive（劳动力密集型产业）, composites may be too expensive to compete with metals and polymers, (5) Composites are usually difficult to recycle. Types(P96):Composites are classified according to the nature of their matrix: metal, ceramic（陶瓷）, polymer composite, often designated（指定的） MMCs金属基复合材料, CMCs陶瓷基复合材料, PMCs聚合物基复合材料 2. classification of materials材料的分类？ Materials：Natural、Inorganic Non-Metallic Materials, Ceramics、Organic Materials( Polymers, blends混纺)、Metals(Alloys)、Semiconductors、Composites、Biomaterials（生物材料） According to their properties, materials can be broadly classi?ed into the following groups: Structural materials、Functional materials、Smart materials（智能材料） Scale（数值范围）of Materials： 1. Nanoscale, sizes of about 1 to 100 nanometers； 2. Microscale, relevant for micro-devices and microsystems having sizes of typically 1 to 1000 micrometers（微米）； 3. Macroscale materials (宏观材料)have the dimensions of all customary products, devices and plants, ranging from the millimeter（毫米） to the kilometer scale。 3. Physical properties (names)物理性质(名称) The mechanical properties（机械性质） of material: bend test（弯曲试验）: ductility（延展性）, elasticity（