3(S)Hydrostatics(流体静力学).ppt

Hydrostatics * * * * The pressure at any point in a static fluid is the same in every direction. static：静态的； fluid：流体，液体 任意一点处静态流体的压力在各个方向上相同。 The pressure exerted on any surface immersed in the fluid is thus equal to the product of the fluid pressure and the surface area. exerted on：施加于 immersed in：使浸入 product：乘积 因此浸没在流体中的任何表面所受的压力 等于流体的压强和表面面积的乘积。 Equally, pressure exerted on a fluid in a closed system is transmitted equally to all parts of the system and acts perpendicularly to all surfaces in contact with the fluid. transmitted：传递 Perpendicularly：垂直 in contact with：接触 同样，一个封闭系统中的流体压力等于 传递到系统各个部分的流体压力， 而且与各接触表面垂直。 For practical hydrostatic application the weight of fluid can be ignored since the potential head involved is very small compared with the applied pressure. hydrostatic：流体静力学的 compared with：与…相比较 potential head：位能 由于在流体静力学的实际应用中所涉及到的 位能相对于外压来说非常的小，所以流体的 重量可以忽略不计。 The basic hydrostatic system shown in Fig.3-2 illustrates how force multiplication is possible. Illustrates：说明 multiplication：增加,放大 如图3--2所示的基本的液压系统， 说明了力的放大是可能的。 Here F1 applied to piston area A1 develops a pressure of F1/A1 which is transmitted throughout the fluid. 力F1施加在活塞底面积A1上后，产生了大小为F1/A1的压强， 此压强在整个流体中进行传递。 Thus the resulting pressure on piston area A2 is (F1/A1)×A2, or output force(F2)=input force(F1)×A2/A1 (3-1) This force multiplication is achieved in the radio A2/A1. 因此，对活塞底面积A2产生的最终压力为(F1/A1)×A2 或者输出力（F2）= 输入力 (F1)×A2/A1 实现了力的放大，比率为A2/A1 。 velocity：速度 valid：正确的 This is a valid hydrostatic system since the displacement of the fluid is small enough for velocity loss to be neglected. 这是一个有效的液压系统，因为流体流动足够小， 速度损失可以忽略不计。 In a practical system, the modifying factors are the weights of the respective pistons and the friction of the piston seals (Fig.3-3). 在实际系统中，可变的因素是 各个活塞重量和活塞密封摩擦 modifying factors：可变因子 respective：各自的 piston seals：活塞密封 The true output force can then be calculated as Respective piston travels are not modified in any way and are 各个活塞的运动不以任何方式改变，并且 可以计算出