专业英语地质.docVIP

专业英语 Lesson one The Earth Words: specific gravity 地心引力，重力 atmosphere 大气 hydrosphere 水圈 carbon dioxide CO2 water vapor 水汽，水蒸汽 solar radiation 太阳辐射 oceanic basins 大洋盆地 geologic agent 地质营力 sediment 沉积物 geologist 地质学家 mid-ocean ridges 洋中脊 Sentences: From classical times it has been known that the earth is roughly spherical in shape. Actually the planet is shaped more like a slightly flattened ball whose polar radius is about 21km shorter than its equatorial radius. The average radius is 6371km. The earth’s specific gravity is 5.5. It is 5.5 times as heavy as an equal volume of water. The specific gravity is greater than that of any other planet in the solar system, but not appreciably different from that of Mercury, Venus and Mars. Because the average specific gravity of surface rocks is only about 2.7. The material existing deep within the earth must have a specific gravity well in excess of the 5.5 average. Very likely, the material at the earth’s center has a specific gravity as high as about 15. 古时候地球一直被称为是大致为球形的形状。其实，地球的形状更像是一个稍扁球的极半径比赤道半径短约21km。平均半径6371公里。地球的比重是5.5。它是作为一个等量的水的5.5倍重。比重是大于任何其他行星在太阳系中，但略有不同的是，水星，金星和火星。由于表面的岩石的平均比重是只有大约2.7。在地球内部深处存在的材料必须有超过5.5的平均比重。非常可能的是，在地球的中心的材料具有特别的比重可高达约15。 Water is an exceedingly important geologist agent. Glaciers composed of water in its solid form alter the shape of the land by scouring, transporting and depositing rock debris. Because water has the property of dissolving many natural compounds, it contributes significantly to the decomposition of rocks and, therefore, to the development of soils on which we depend for food. Water moving relentlessly down hill as sheetwash, in rills, and in streams loosens and carries away the particles of rock to lower elevations where they are deposited as layers of sediment. Clearly, the process of sculpturing our landcapes is primarily dependent upon water. 水是极其重要的地质营力。冰川是由水组成的，其固体形式的冰川改变土地形状通过淘刷，搬运和岩屑的沉积。因为水具有溶解许多天然化合物的性质，它具有显着的分解岩石的作用，因此，有助于我们赖以生存的食物生存大的土地的发展。水不懈地向下移动作为片流，小溪，松动并带着