语言学第6章习题.docVIP

Supplementary Exercises I.? Decide whether each of the following statements is True or False: 1.? Both semantics and pragmatics study how speakers of a language use sentences to effect successful communication2.? Pragmatics treats the meaning of language as something intrinsic and inherent. 3.? It would be impossible to give an adequate description of meaning if the context of language use was left unconsidered. 4.? What essentially distinguishes semantics and pragmatics is whether in the study of meaning the context of use is considered. 5.? The major difference between a sentence and an utterance is that a sentence is not uttered while an utterance is. 6.? The meaning of a sentence is abstract, but context-dependent. 7.? The meaning of an utterance is decontexualized, therefore stable. 8.? Utterances always take the form of complete sentences 9.? Speech act theory was originated with the British philosopher John Searle. 10.? ? Speech act theory started in the late 50’s of the 20th century. 11.? ? Austin made the distinction between a constative and a performative. 12.? ? Perlocutionary act is the act of expressing the speaker’s intention.? II.? ? ? Fill in each blank below with one word which begins with the letter given: 13.? P_________ is the study of how speakers of a language use sentences to effect successful communication.14.? ? What essentially distinguishes s_______ and pragmatics is whether in the study of meaning the context of use is considered. 15.? ? The notion of c_________ is essential to the pragmatic study of language. 16.? ? If we think of a sentence as what people actually utter in the course of communication, it becomes an u___________. 17.? ? The meaning of a sentence is a_______, and decontexualized. 18.? ? C________ were statements that either state or describe, and were thus verifiable. 19.? ? P________ were sentences that did not state a fact or describe a state, and were not verifiable. 20.? ? A l_________ act is the