毕业论文外文翻译--在遥感和地理信息系统的规模度量（适用于毕业论文外文翻译+中英文对照）.docVIP

外文资料与中文翻译 Metrics of scale in remote sensing and GIS Michael F Goodchild (National Center for Geographic Information and Analysis, Department of Geography, University of California, Santa Barbara) ABSTRACT: The term scale has many meanings, some of which survive the transition from analog to digital representations of information better than others. Specifically, the primary metric of scale in traditional cartography, the representative fraction, has no well-defined meaning for digital data. Spatial extent and spatial resolution are both meaningful for digital data, and their ratio, symbolized as US, is dimensionless. US appears confined in practice to a narrow range. The implications of this observation are explored in the context of Digital Earth, a vision for an integrated geographic information system. It is shown that despite the very large data volumes potentially involved, Digital Earth is nevertheless technically feasible with today’s technology. KEYWORDS: Scale, Geographic Information System , Remote Sensing, Spatial Resolution INTRODUCTION: Scale is a heavily overloaded term in English, with abundant definitions attributable to many different and often independent roots, such that meaning is strongly dependent on context. Its meanings in “the scales of justice” or “scales over ones eyes” have little connection to each other, or to its meaning in a discussion of remote sensing and GIS. But meaning is often ambiguous even in that latter context. For example, scale to a cartographer most likely relates to the representative fraction, or the scaling ratio between the real world and a map representation on a flat, two-dimensional surface such as paper, whereas scale to an environmental scientist likely relates either to spatial resolution (the representation’s level of spatial detail) or to spatial extent (the representation’s spatial coverage). As a result, a simple phrase like “large scale” can send quite the wrong message when communities and disciplines int