心力弱竭病理心理基础(国外英文资料).docVIP

心力衰竭病理生理基础(国外英文资料) The pathophysiological basis of clinical manifestations of heart failure One, the pulmonary circulates blood Due to the anatomy of the lungs and heart and hemodynamics, cardiac dysfunction can be obtained on the changes of respiratory function first reaction, especially in patients with left heart failure, can cause different degree of lung congestion, main show is shortness of breath and pulmonary edema. Dyspnea is the feeling of a patients subjective experience of breathing or breathless. According to the progression of breathing difficulties, difficulty in breathing the clinical manifestations of divided into exertional dyspnea, nocturnal paroxysmal dyspnea, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea) and orthopnea (orthopnea). (1) lab-breathing difficulties: one of the earliest manifestations of left heart failure, characterized by difficulty breathing after physical activity and remission after rest. The mechanism of this is: when physical activity, the blood volume increases, the pulmonary silting is aggravated, the pulmonary conformance declines, the air channel resistance increases, and the patient has difficulty breathing. (2) physical activity, heart rate, ventricular diastolic period shorter, the left ventricular filling limited, lung congestion, at the same time, the lack of coronary blood flow, myocardial ischemia, hypoxia; (3) physical activity, the bodys demand for oxygen increases, but the left heart failure does not provide corresponding cardiac output, led to a lack of oxygen to the body and carbon dioxide retention, irritation of the respiratory center, difficulty in breathing. (2) the nocturnal paroxysmal dyspnea, is characteristic of left cardiac insufficiency, due to breathing difficulties after patients fall asleep woke with a start, sitting up, cough, gasping, symptoms gradually with sitting up. The mechanism of this mechanism: the lower body of the lower body of the lower body of the lower body of the lower body of the lower body of th