药理简答题(国外英文资料).docVIP

药理简答题(国外英文资料) Essay question The significance of plasma half-life in clinical application. A: the amount of time required for the plasma drug concentration to fall by half, called plasma half-life, is a parameter that indicates the speed of drug elimination and its clinical significance: (1) one of the basis for formulating and adjusting the medicine plan. (2) after one dose, the drugs were largely eliminated after five half-life drugs. (3) a half-life is given to the drug at a time of five half-life. (4) in patients with poor liver and kidney function, the half-life of the drug should be extended, and the interval should be increased appropriately. 2, for example, how to discharge the medicine. A: the process of excretion of the drug and its metabolites by excreting organs or secreting organs is called drug excretion. (1) the drug is excreted by the kidney: the kidney is the main organ that excretes the drug. Most of the drugs and metabolites are excreted by glomerulus, and a small number of drugs are secreted into the renal tubule by the carrier. (2) drugs are excreted by bile: the metabolites of some drugs can be excreted by bile. (3) drug via breast milk excretion: for nursing mothers drugs with a small amount of milk, milk pH value is lower than the plasma, very beneficial to weak alkaline from milk excretion. (4) drugs are excreted in other ways: liver, breast, salivary glands, intestines and lungs, etc. What are the major contraindications in the clinical application of adrenalin? A: the main adverse reactions, palpitations, headache, agitated, tremor, increased blood pressure, etc., the dose had great may lead to cerebral hemorrhage, may also induce arrhythmia. Major contraindications: incontinence for hypertension, organic heart disease, diabetes, hyperthyroidism. The clinical use of phenol tolamine is described. A: the clinical applications of phenolamine include: (1) to treat peripheral vascular spasmodic disease and thromboangitis, to prevent the tissue