伽马测井(国外英文资料).docVIP

伽马测井(国外英文资料) One, natural gamma logging 1. The natural gamma radioactive The natural radioactivity of rocks is determined by the type and content of radioactive isotopes in rocks. Is the main rock of natural radioactive nuclide uranium (U238) and thorium (Th232 ), actinium (Ac227) and its decay and potassium content of radioactive isotope K40, the nucleus of these species in the decay process can emit a lot of alpha, beta, gamma rays, so rock natural radioactivity. The sedimentary rocks can be divided into three types: 1) radioactive rock: including clay rocks, volcanic ash, sea green sandstone, solitary stone sandstone, potassium vanadium ore, limestone with uranium vanadium, and potassium, etc. The radioactive concentration of mud in the deep sea is often 90 x 10 to 12 grams of radium. The radioactive concentration of the shallow Marine shale is (20-30) times 10-12 grams of radium. Potassium of K40 can reach 60 x 10-12  grams radium equivalent per gram 2) radioactive medium of sedimentary rocks: including sand, sandstone, and contains a small amount of argilliferous carbonate etc., the radioactive concentration of (1-8) x 10-12 grams radium equivalent per gram.  3) low-radioactive sedimentary rocks: including gypsum, hard gypsum, rock salt, pure limestone, dolomite and quartz sandstone, etc. Based on experiments and statistics, natural radioactivity of sedimentary rocks generally have the following change rule:  (1) increase in the amount of mud.  (2) increase in the amount of organic matter. The radioactive material of the asphalt is high. Under the condition of reduction, reduction of hexavalent uranium can tetravalent uranium, separated from a solution and precipitation in formation, and organic matter easy adsorption of uranium and thorium radiation. (3) with the increase of potassium and certain radioactive minerals.  The natural gamma-ray activity of sedimentary rocks encountered in oil and gas fields mainly depends on the amount of clay. But must pay