水准测量的误差起源(国外英文资料).docVIP

水准测量的误差来源(国外英文资料) The problem of leveling in the design process of.0 The standard measurement is based on the geometrical principle and the horizontal line of sight is used to measure the difference between two points. The instrument USES a water level, which is a leveling ruler and ruler. Highway engineering survey generally use DS3 tilting type automatic anping level, can achieve the precision is 3 mm, per kilometer level in a station to use is the basic procedure of settlement instrument, rough leveling, the level ruler, precise targeting and reading. We do this in this order in the actual survey, and after each water is measured, the results are reviewed. The status of the 2.0 level measurement Now application of leveling point is separated from the pile, the method of leveling point between measurement and results requirements of closure fh capacity (fh capacity = Σ h to h + Σ return) third leveling precision micro reach plain hill area is not more than plus or minus 20? L (1/2). The main factors affecting the accuracy of the measurement precision of the micromound in the plain are the length of the standard route, the longer the length, the lower the accuracy. In the mountains, it is the station, the more stations, the lower the accuracy. Error analysis and control method of 3.0 level measurement The measuring error has the instrument error, the observation error and the external condition effect. One of the instrument errors is the error of the horizontal axis of the horizontal axis Although the instrument is corrected before measurement, residual error is still present. Therefore, the horizontal pipe bubble is centered, the horizontal axis is in the horizontal position and the telescope has a tilt of the axis, causing the reading error. This error is proportional to the length of the horizon. The observed time can be eliminated by the intermediate method (the front and back of the horizon) and the distance compensation method (before and after the distance