lecture08主语确定.pptVIP

英语笔译 广东外语外贸大学 英语教育学院 崔华 2009-2010第2学期 Lecture #8 Determining the Subject a Sentence 主语的确定 Introduction Contrast between topic and subject Types of English subjects Principles for determining subjects Summary After-class practice 钱你不用还了。 这锅饭能吃十个人。 这匹马骑着两个人。 被人缠上是件讨厌的事儿。 老子打儿子, 天经地义。 上面坐着主席团。 从她那儿能找到解决问题的办法。 说的是古代的一个老头，名叫愚公 Introduction You don’t have to pay it back/repay the money. The meal can feed ten people. On the horse were riding two people. It is a disgusting thing to be pestered/troubled. It is perfectly justified for a father to beat his own son. Also see: On the platform sat the presidium. We can get a solution from her. The story is about an old man named Yugong in ancient times. It is only right and proper that we should pay taxes to the state. 给国家纳税是天经地义的事。 Another case of “天经地义” Contrast between topic and subject “（主谓）这种句子(即使把被动的动作也算进去，把‘是’也算进去)的比例是不大的,也许比50%大不了多少。因此，在汉语里,把主语、谓语当作话题和说明来看待，比较合适。” -------- 赵元任《汉语口语语法》 Chinese -- topic-prominent language English -- subject-prominent language Types of English subjects Susan is growing flowers． Her books translate well． A stone broke the glass． The jar contains honey. Yesterday was Monday. The dispute over the problem lasted a decade． It is very late． It is very hot in summer here. It is impossible to finish the paper in ten minutes. agentive subject 施动主语 affected subject 受动主语 instrumental subject 工具主语 locative subject 地点主语 temporal subject 时间主语 eventive subject 事件主语 It 作主语，表时间、气候或距离 +It 作形式主语 Principles for determining English subjects Adding subjects in case of Chinese subjectless sentences Choosing as subjects what is prominent in the sentences Choosing subjects in line with the English way of thinking Choosing subjects with English collocation in mind Choosing subjects to achieve cohesiveness Adding subjects in case of Chinese subjectless sentences 改革开放胆子要大一些，要敢于试验。 得第一名获金牌，第四名什么也拿不到。 只可惜宫粉涂不平脸上的皱纹，看起来好像驴粪蛋上下了霜。 We must be courageous enough to venture on experiments as far as reforms are