再探严复与泰特勒的翻译观点之差异.doc

再探严复与泰特勒的翻译观点之差异 (Re-exploring the Difference in the Viewpoints of Translation between Yan Fu and Alexander Fraser Tytler) 陈瑞山 国立高雄第一科技大学 应用英语系、口笔译研究所 摘要 　　 国内学界提到严复的翻译圭臬「信达雅」时，常常会与苏格兰的泰特勒在《翻译原理论》中所揭橥的「三条翻译通律」相提；不过，多半都说严氏「信达雅」观念之形成是受到泰特勒氏之影响。而这类「影响」论述，又常流于历史性的巧合或自传式的主观判断，或表象上的模拟，较缺乏就两者间对翻译的本质性认知的客观探讨。这种看法对于出生较晚、身处内外交迫特殊时空背景的中国知识分子严复，在其翻译领域的学术地位上是否有欠公允，颇值得我们来做个探究。 　　本专题研究计划拟用文本研究的方法，以严复所译《天演论》书里的＜译例言＞文本为主，就其中谈到的「信达雅」三原则与泰特勒的著作《翻译原理论》文本内所揭示的「总原则」及自此演绎出的「三条翻译通律」所蕴含的翻译问题，探索并分析他俩内在观念与结构上之差异。本文研究内容则包括严复、泰特勒个别建构的翻译理论其动机的差异、总原则的显与隐、翻译原则重要性次序的排列、执行翻译原则工作难度的分级等四大重要项目，再指出他们之间真正的差异，并从而探索他们独自的翻译观之面貌。 　　关键词：严复、天演论、译例言、翻译三难、信达雅、泰特勒、翻译原理论、三条通律、翻译艺术、翻译总原则。 　　Re-exploring the Difference in the Viewpoints of Translation between Yan Fu and Alexander Fraser Tytler 　　Ruey-shan Chen 　　Department of EnglishInstitute of Interpreting and Translation National Kaohsiung First University of Science and Technology 　　Abstract 　　Oftentimes when local scholars in the field of translation studies discuss Yan Fu’s “Three Difficulties in Translation: Xin, Da, and Ya?as criteria for judging what is a good translation, they tend to associate Yan抯 remarks with the Scottish professor Alexander F. Tytler’s “Three General Laws of Translation” propounded in the latter’s Essay on Principles of Translation. Yet, that Yan is generally believed to have modeled his criteria of translation upon those of Tytler is held as a popular opinion. In other words, Tytler’s general principle had exerted a great influence on Yan in forming his idea about translation. However, this kind of opinion concerning the so-called influence, usually based on some historical coincidences, biographical inferences or some seemingly “supposed-to-be” analogies among their translating rules, is always biased and subject to doubt; therefore, it would be more objective if one could do an analytical exploration of what their individual texts mean in the nature of translation. Thus, it is worthy of a study to see whether this popul