论周召之业与周召之治——兼谈召公在周初的历史地位.docVIP

论“周召之业”与“周召之治”——兼谈召公在周初的历史地位 作者:朱绍侯【本文摘自】《南都学坛（南阳师范学院人文社会科学学报）》2007年3期第24～28页【英文标题】 Achievements and Successful Administering of Zhougong and Zhaogong【作者简介】朱绍侯，河南大学　历史文化学院，河南　开封　475001 朱绍侯（1926—），男，辽宁省新民县人，教授，主要从事先秦、秦汉史研究。【内容提要】周公、召公在武王灭商战争中立下了赫赫战功。武王逝世后，成王年幼即位，周公践阼，行政当国，召公任太保，为周公的助手。周公、召公“分陕而治”、“东征平叛”、“创建成周”、“教导成康艰苦**”，为周初的政治稳定和社会发展做出了重大贡献，促成了“成康之际，天下安宁，刑措四十年不用”的“成康之治”兴盛局面。实际上所谓“成康之治”，就是孔子所赞颂的“周召之治”、“周召之业”和“周召之迹”。Zhougong and Zhaogong distinguished themselves in the King Wus war overthrowing the Shang Dynasty. The King Cheng who succeeded to the throne after King Wus death was too young, so Zhougong took his place to rule the country while Zhaogong assisted him taking the position of Taibao. The two of them ran Shanxi separately, marched eastward to put down the rebellion, established King Chengs ruling, and instructed the King Cheng and Kang to work hard for the interest of the country. So they made great achievements for the political stability and social development in the Early Zhou Dynasty, which led to successful administering of King Cheng and Kang, which meant the society was stable and there was no crime for nearly forty years in the period of King Cheng and Kang. In fact the so-called successful administering of King Cheng and Kang was the successful administering, achievements, or miracle of Zhougong and Zhaogong, for which Confucian sang high praise.【关 键 词】周公姬旦/召公姬奭/成康之治/周召之治Zhougong of JI Dan/Zhaogong of JI Shi/successful administering of King Cheng and Kang/successful administering of Zhougong and Zhaogong 中图分类号：K224　文献标识码：A　文章编号：1002—6320（2007）03—0024—05 如果萧何、韩信、张良可以称为汉初“三杰”的话，那么太公望、周公旦、召公爽就可以称为周初“三圣”。太公望在周文王、武王时期，执掌军政大权，在武王伐纣时是军事总指挥，在灭商战争中立下了赫赫战功，官至太师，被武王尊为尚父，是周初政局中的第一号人物①。但太公望被封为齐侯之后，离开中央政府，周公旦继任为太师，执掌周初的军政大权。周公旦乃武王之弟，是武王的得力助手，在灭商战争中任太傅，周军进入朝歌时，“周公把大钺，召公把小钺，以夹（护卫）武王”②，显示出周公的特殊地位。灭商之后，特别是在太公望离开中央政府之后，周公旦晋升为太师，遂成为周政府中第一号人物。武王去世，成王年幼即位，周公“践阼，代成王摄行政当国”[1](卷33《鲁周公世家》)。以后东征平叛，创建成周，制礼作乐，功勋显赫，可以说周代的政治制度都是由周公建立的。正因周公有此功勋，