英语写作语法及意.pptxVIP

第一章 基本写作技巧 文字是永恒的，可以供人反复思索的，但它无法像对话一般，可以借助面部表情、肢体语言和语气等。 因而写作中需要我们更为严谨的去组织语言，有时也要借助复杂的句式结构来表达清楚你要表达的。 1.1词语的选择 The difference between the right word and almost the right word is the difference between “lightning”and “lightning bug ”. 1.1.1正式和非正式用语 1.正式书信 ，学术文章，官方文件等有时选择简洁的词语。 Informal:Lots of job loss is just one thing resulting from automation. Formal:Widespread unemployment is one consequence of automation. Informal:job loss ,TV ,workers,the same as Formal:unemployment,television, employees, equivalent 2.正式用语中避免用一些口语化的词组如， get up ,put into,find out等， 我们可以用rise,contribute,discover等词来替换它们。 Informal:Researchers looked at the way strain builds up around a geological fault. Formal:Researchers examined the way strain intensifies around a geological fault. 3.正式用语避免第一人称和第二人称。 Informal:You should sleep eight hours each night. Formal:One should sleep eight hours each night. 4.正式用语关系代词不可省略。 Informal:This is the paper I wrote. Formal:This is the paper that I wrote. 5.避免用一些像very,really,just,a few,enough类的表达意思含糊的词语。 Informal:It caused a really big reaction. Formal:It caused a considerable/dramatic/an explosive reaction. 1.1.2表集合类词语和具体词语 （family，team，jury，audience，class，association，committee） 1.用具体的词替换集合类词语，使表达生动清晰。 vehicle换成具体的 car,truck,train Flower换成tulips，roses 2.动词也可具体化 walk换成 stagger Weak verbs:The boy walked into the classroom. Revised:The boy staggered into the classroom. 3.告诉读者具体的事情，而不是笼统的叙述。 General :Your relative is nice to me. Specific:Your aunt Betty always stop and talk to me when we meet in the street. 4.总结时应用概括性词语，表达细节时要用具体词语。 General :The government has made big progress in economic policy. Specific:The Australian Government has made considerable progress in implementing fiscal policy nationwide. 1.2语法 1.2.1主谓一致 1.不定代词each,every,no one,everyone, everything等作主语时，谓语动词用单三形式。 Everyone associated with the project is proud to be pa