漫谈文化研究.ppt

漫谈文化研究 国际关系学院　　何树 Cultural Studies ≠ Comparative Cultural Studies I. Comparative Cultural Studies A. Different Thinking ways B. Different Cultural Patterns a. Oriental culture --- Occidental Culture 1. Shame Culture and Guilt Culture 2. Culture of Pleasure and Culture of Love 3. Confucian Culture and Coca Cola Culture 1. Shame Culture Judge one’s value from other’s evaluation The sense of inferior and Humbleness Guilt Culture Since Adam’s fall, we sinned all. Natural right (equality, liberty) Self-trust 2. Culture of Pleasure Hermit---- for the peace of soul Detached Culture of Love Love God; love your neighbor as yourself. Love alone can waken love. The other cheek 3. Confucius culture Coca Cola Culture b. The comparative studies of English and American culture II. Cultural Studies as a Discipline It’s Characteristics Cross-disciplines Surpass-discipline Anti-discipline The Criteria of an Academic Discipline Object Method History A. What is Culture? Hana Svobodova: Culture started when man began to imagine, to change the world according to his imaginations, and to imagine further changes. 当代社会“文化”的含义 描述知识，精神与美学发展的一般过程； 一个民族，一个时期，一个团体或整体人类的特定生活方式； 象征知识，尤其是艺术活动的实践及其成品。 威廉斯概括的三种文化定义 文化是人类完善的一种状态或过程； 文化是知性和想像作品的整体； 文化是一种整体的生活方式。 B. The Functions of Culture 1. The Defining Function 2. The disciplining Function 3. Cultural Balance C. What is cultural studies? 文化研究是政治性的 John Fiske maintains that ‘culture’ in cultural studies ‘is neither aesthetic nor humanist in emphasis, but political.’ 马克思主义对文化研究两个根本的影响 First, culture’s importance derives from the fact that it helps to constitute the structure and shape the history. To understand the meanings of culture we must analyze it in relation to the social structure and its history. D. The Iron Triangle of Cutural Studies Race Gender Class E. The Four Phases of Cultural Studies 1. The prehistory of Cultural Studies 　　　The ‘culture and civilisation’ tradition represents the ‘pre-history’ of c