溶液中微粒浓度大小的比较(国外英文资料).docVIP

溶液中微粒浓度大小的比较(国外英文资料) A comparison of the concentration of particles in a solution Beijing/lu Juan lu has xiang In the last seven years of the university entrance exam, the particle concentration in the solution the frequency compared to the size of the topic, because this kind of exam comprehensive usage amount of substance concentration, weak electrolyte ionization ionization balance, water balance, and salt hydrolysis equilibrium and material conservation knowledge, is a good topic of test analysis, students comprehensive ability. The method and method of solving this problem are summarized as follows: One. Prepare knowledge Ion charge conservation: In an electrolyte solution, the total number of positive and negative charges carried by Yin and cation should be equal to that of the electrolyte solution. As in the NaHCO3 solution, there are Na +, H +, CO32 -, HCO3 -, OH -. Total positively charged by the cation is expressed as: c (Na +) v + c (H +). Total negatively charged by the v anion is expressed as: c (HCO3 -) v + c (OH -) v + 2 c (CO32 -.) v, 2 here because with CO32-2 a negative charge. Brought by the anion and cation equals the total number of positive and negative charge, at the same time the same solution of each particle size is the same, after reduction: c (Na +) + c (H +) = c (HCO3 -) + c (OH -) + 2 c (CO32 -) this is called ionic charge conservation. Conservation of materials: Some elements in solution of ions or molecules in various forms of existence, the atomic number is conserved, for example: 0.1 mol/L NaHCO3 solution: c (HCO3 -) + c (H2CO3) + c (CO32 -) = 0.1 mol/L. Ionization balance and hydrolysis equilibrium: The ionization of multiple weak acids is multi-step, for example: H2S H + + HHS -, hs-h + + S2 - the acidity of the solution is determined by the first step ionization. Multivariate weak acid salt hydrolysis is carried out step by step, such as: CO32 - + H2O HCO3 - + OH - alkaline solution is mainly composed of HCO3 - + H2O H2CO3 + OH