[办公室竞争]为何越出色越不招人待见.docVIP

102 The effectiveness of human impact assessment in the Finnish Healthy Cities Network??Original Research ArticlePublic Health, Volume 120, Issue 11, November 2006, Pages 1033-1041T. Kauppinen, K. Nelimarkka, K. Perttil? ?Close preview??|?? Purchase PDF (141 K) ??|?? Related articles??|??Related reference work articles???? AbstractAbstract | Figures/TablesFigures/Tables | ReferencesReferences Summary Objectives To develop a framework for analysing the effectiveness of prospective assessment and to apply the framework to human impact assessments (HuIA) carried out in the Finnish Healthy Cities Network. Methods The framework was formed by synthesizing and developing the themes that emerged from the published literature on effectiveness. The research material consists of interviews with people who participated in the assessment process in the municipalities (19 interviews). The research material also included assessment documents, proceedings of working meetings, municipal policy documents, background material and project reports produced in the municipalities studied. The research datasets were examined by content analysis. Results HuIA increased the decision-makers’ awareness of effects and functioned as a tool for empowerment. The latter was apparent, for instance, in the social welfare and healthcare sector, finding a role for itself in decisively co-ordinating interdisciplinary work and actively seeking to alleviate identified negative effects. The assessment process also opened up the planning process, committed various actors to the decision, helped select the right alternative and promoted social learning. Conclusions From the viewpoint of preparation and decision-making, the effectiveness of a HuIA increases when assessment becomes a recurring process and an integral part of an organizations activities. Integration of an assessment into permanent structures or activities, such as drawing up programmes or preparing strategies, helps the results of the