无尾蹄蝠的回声定位声波特征及分析.pdf

动 物 学 研 究 2008，Feb. 29 (1) ：95－98 CN 53-1040/Q ISSN 0254-5853 Zoological Research 无尾蹄蝠的回声定位声波特征及分析 1 1 1 1 1,* 刘 森 ，江廷磊 ，施利民 ，叶根先 ，冯 江 (1. 东北师范大学 城市与环境科学学院，吉林 长春 130024 ） 摘要：采用超声波监听仪 U30 录制无尾蹄蝠自由飞行状态的回声定位声波，经 Batsound 3.0 分析，其声波为 高频 (145.4±10.9 kHz) 、宽带(62.6±9.2 kHz) 、具两个谐波的短(1.67±0.4 ms)FM 型，不同于蹄蝠科其他蝙蝠的 CF 型，表明该科内物种声波类型存在多态性。头骨的形态测定分析支持其通过鼻腔发射声波，与蹄蝠科其他蝙蝠一 致，表明该科内声波发射方式的单一性。适应环境的选择压力及翼型和声波的适应性可能是其选择 FM 型叫声的 重要原因。 关键词：翼手目；无尾蹄蝠；回声定位声波；FM 型 中图分类号：Q959.833 文献标识码：A 文章编号：0254-5853-(2008)01-0095-04 Characteristics and Analysis of Echolocation Calls by Coelops frithi 1 1 1 1 1,* LIU Sen , JIANG Ting-lei , SHI Li-min , YE Gen-xian , FENG Jiang (1. School of Urban and Environmental Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China) Abstract ：The echolocation calls of Coelops frithi were recorded during free flight using an ultrasonic detector U30, and were analyzed using the software Batsound 3.0. Our results showed that C. frithi emitted high frequency (145.4±10.9 kHz), broad bandwidth (62.6±9.2 kHz), and short (1.67±0.4 ms) frequency-modulated (FM) calls with 2 harmonics, which suggested polymorphic echolocation calls in Hipposideridae because other hipposiderid species emitted constant frequency (CF) calls. The analysis of the cranial measurements of C. frithi indicated that it was a nasal emitter like other hipposiderids, which suggested the single emitting form in this family. We considered that C. frithi emitted FM calls mainly due to the selection pressure of