Acids and Bases课件.pptVIP

6.1 Introduction Early chemists found that certain compounds fell into one of two categories. One group included sour-tasting substances called acids. The tart(酸的) flavor of lemons and vinegar(醋) comes from acids; lemons are rich in citric acid(柠檬酸) and vinegar is a dilute solution of acetic acid (乙酸,醋酸) in water. Acids also produce burning sensation upon contact with skin, and some of them can “eat” holes through clothing.; In the other group were bitter-tasting compounds originally called alkali. We call these substances bases. Bases have a “slimy”(粘糊糊的), slippery consistency. One substance that fits this description is soap which is, in fact, a base. Lye(碱液) contains the base sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and many household cleaning solutions contain the base ammonia (NH3).;Acids react with certain metals to produce H2 gas and salt. For instance, sulfuric acid reacts with magnesium metal to give hydrogen and the salt magnesium sulfate. Mg(s) + H2SO4(aq) ? H2(g) + MgSO4(aq) Acids also react with metal oxides to form water and salt as products. For example, hydrochloric acid produces copper(II) chloride and water when it reacts with copper(II) oxide: CuO(s) + 2HCl (aq) ? H2O + 2CuCl (aq) ;Acids liberate CO2 from carbonates or from bicarbonates. For instance antacid tablets containing sodium bicarbonate, NaHCO3, are able to react with stomach acid, HCl, in this way: HCl(aq) + NaHCO3(aq) ? CO2+H2O + NaCl(aq) Acids undergoes a reaction with a dye called litmus(石蕊) to produce a red color. Dyes, such as litmus, that are used to test for acidity are called indicators. ;Bases; Acid-Base Neutralizations The properties of both acids and bases are removed when an acid reacts with a base in a reaction called neutralization. The products of a neutralization reaction are a salt and water. For example, the reaction of NaOH, a base, with HCl, an acid, is a neutralization. NaOH (aq) + HCl (aq) ? NaCl(aq) + H2O If the base is a carbonate or bicarbonate, the products