2016年高考英语总复习 语法专项 定语从句课件 新人教版.pptVIP

定语从句 一、关系代词的用法 1．that和which的用法 (1)限制性定语从句中，必须用关系代词that的情况： ①当先行词是不定代词all，much，little，something，everything，anything，nothing，none，the one时。 You should hand in all that you have. ②当先行词前面被the only，the very，any，few，little，no，all等词修饰时。 This is the only thing that has been tried. ③当先行词是形容词最高级或先行词的前面有形容词最高级修饰时。 This is the best that has been used against pollution. ④当先行词是序数词或它前面有序数词修饰时。 This train is the last that will go to Suzhou. ⑤当先行词既有人又有物时。 Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about? ⑥当主句的主语是疑问词who或which时。 Which is the bike that you lost? ⑦有两个定语从句时，其中一个关系代词已用which，另外一个宜用that。 They secretly built up a small factory，which produced things that could cause pollution. ⑧当先行词在主句中作表语，而关系代词也在从句中作表语时。 Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be. (2)定语从句中必须用which的情况： ①在非限制性定语从句中，只用which，不用that。 Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others，which，of course，made the others envy him. ②当动词短语中的介词提前时，只用which，不用that。 This is a house in which Lu Xun once lived. 注意：在一些固定搭配的动词短语中，由于动词和介词不可分割，因此不能把介词置于关系代词之前。 This is the pen (which/that) Im looking for. 不可以说：This is the pen for which Im looking. 2．who，whom和whose的用法 当先行词指人，在定语从句中作主语时，用who，不可省略；在定语从句中作宾语时，用whom/that，可以省略；在定语从句中作定语时，用whose，不可省略。 She is the girl who lives next door. Thats the girl (whom/that) I teach. 3．“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句 “介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句时，关系代词只能用which(指物)或whom(指人)，即：介词＋which/whom。 (1)当介词放在关系代词的前面时，关系代词只能用which或whom，且不能省略。 They may start as a group of high-school students，for whom practising their music in someones house is the first step to fame. (2)在限制性定语从句中，当介词位于定语从句的末尾时，可用that/which(指物)，that/whom/who(指人)作介词的宾语，而且作介词宾语的关系代词可以省略。 This is the hero(that/who/whom) we are proud of. (3)“复合介词短语＋关系代词which”引导的定语从句，这种结构引导的定语从句常与先行词用逗号分开，定语从句常用倒装语序。 He lived in a big house，in front of which stood a big tall apple tree. (4)介词＋which/whom＋不定式结构。 The poor man has no house in which to live. ＝The poor man has no house to live in. ＝The poor man has no house in which he can live. 4．as和which的区别 (1)as