2017届高考英语一轮总复习 附录Ⅱ 构词法课件.pptVIP

* 附录Ⅱ：构词法 Word formation 在英语中，词的构成方法主要有三种：合成、转化和派生。 1.合成(Compounding) 由两个或更多的词合成一个词，有的用连词符号“-”连接，有的直接连写在一起，还有的由分开的两个词构成。如： blackboard　nightfall　fantasyland　cowboy　everywhere　somewhere　however　whatever　wherever　maybe　newspaper　playground　backbone　broadcast sunburn　overthrow　snowstorm　anyone　myself　eggplant　reading-room　bus-driver　man-made　blue-eyed　passer-by　worn-out　up-to-date　easy-going　part-time　bus stop　post office　ice cream　car park human rights　grass roots 2.转化(Conversion) 一个单词由一种词性转化为另一种或几种词性。如： 1)taste(v.)→taste(n.) It tastes good. It has a good taste. 2)hand(n.)→hand(v.) Lets go hand in hand. Please hand in your exercise books after class. 3)clean(adj.)→clean(v.) Her room is clean and tidy. She cleans her room every day. 4)shade(n.)→shade(v.) She is sitting in the shade of a big tree. She shaded her eyes against the sun. 词性转化后，有的单词读音会发生变化。如： 1)use/ju?s/(n.)→use/ju?z/(v.) The use of too much chemical fertilizer leads to serious problems. May I use your pencil? 2)present/preznt/(n.)→present/prIzent/(v.) She gave a very special present for my birthday. Large classes present great problems to many teachers. 3)transport/tr?nsp??t/(n.)→transport/tr?nsp??t/(v.) Horses were the only means of transport in those days. The goods were transported to Beijing. 4)increase/Ikri?s/(n.)→increase/Inkri?s/(v.) She is hoping for a wage increase. The population has increased greatly. 3.派生(Derivation) 由一个词根加上前缀或后缀构成另一个词。如： 1)前缀 dis-　 agree同意　　 disagree不同意 appear出现 disappear消失 cover覆盖 discover发现 un- able能够 unable不能 fair公平的 unfair不公平的 limited有限的 unlimited无限的 tie系上 untie解开 in- complete完全的 incomplete不完全的 correct正确的 incorrect不正确的 im- possible可能的 impossible不可能的 patient耐心的 impatient不耐烦的；不耐心的 polite礼貌的 impolite不礼貌的 practical实际的 impractical不切实际的 proper恰当的 improper不恰当的 non- stop停止 non-stop不停的 smoker抽烟者 non-smoker不抽烟者 mis- understand理解 misunderstand误解 lead领导；引导 mislead误导 re- write写 rewrite重写