泌尿系统49.ppt

Histology, Urinary System * HISTOLOGY EMBRYOLOGY Teaching PPT Dept. of Anat., Hist. Embry. School of Medicine Xi’an Jiaotong University Dr. Jinsong Zhou Urinary System I. Kidney: A. Introduction: 1. General structure: Each kidney has a concave border, the hilum, where blood vessels and ureter exit and communicate the kidney. The renal pelvis, the expanded upper end of the ureter, branches and rebranches into major calyces and minor calyces. 2. Capsule: CT containing rich fat cells. 3. Cortex: Mainly locates at periphery with the renal column, the pillar-shaped cortex that exists between pyramid-like medulla. 4. Medulla: Centrally located 10 ~18 pyramid-like structures known as renal pyramids, whose bases radially send out the medullary rays that separate the cortex into cortical labyrinth. 5. Kidney contains numerous uriniferous tubules, which are composed of nephrons and collecting tubules. 6. Nephron: The structural and functional unit of kidney. a. renal corpuscle: renal glomerulus (C) + glomerulus capsule (C). b. renal tubule: proximal convoluted tubules (C) + thin and thick limbs of Henle’s loop (from C to M to C via MR) + distal convoluted tubules (C). 7. Functions of kidney: Clearance of metabolism wastes in blood stream; Regulation of mineral level and pH value in body; hormone release. B. Nephron: About 1~4 million per kidney. 1. Renal corpuscle: The place where the blood is filtered to form pre-urine. Has vascular pole, where the afferent arteriole enters and thinner efferent arteriole leaves renal corpuscle, and urinary pole, where the proximal convoluted tubule leaves the corpuscle. a. renal glomerulus: anastomizing fenestrated Caps without diaphragm. The cell coat lining their inner surface contains negative ions. This primary Cap network of portal circulation are linked by mesangium. b. glomerulus capsule (Bowmans capsule): * parietal layer: lined by simple squamous epithelium. * visceral layer: composed of podocytes