死刑不引渡原则在中国适用制度障碍与对策.docVIP

死刑不引渡原则在中国适用的制度障碍与对策 　　摘要：死刑不引渡原则在我国的适用存在制度上的障碍。首先，我国《引渡法》对死刑不引渡原则的规定模糊不清；其次，我国的死刑制度与死刑不引渡原则存在冲突；最后，我国的刑事证据制度的缺陷也间接影响引渡的顺利进行。这些制度障碍在引渡实践中无疑会影响到国际刑事司法协助的有效进行，损害我国司法主权和权威，损害国家财产利益。解决死刑不引渡原则的适用问题，应当在国内立法和双边条约中相对承认死刑不引渡原则并积极促成双边条约的签订，逐步减少死刑的适用，积极探索引渡的替代性措施，同时也要完善相应的刑事法律法规，尊重和保障人权，以便更有力地打击国际犯罪 关键词：死刑不引渡原则；制度障碍；司法协助；引渡 中图分类号：D998.2文献标识码：A文章编号：2095-4379-（2016）20-0013-04 Abstract ： The institutional barriers stand in the way of applying the principle of non-extradition to death penalty.Firstly，the regulations of the principle of non-extradition to death penalty are vague in our ‘extradition law’.Next，there lies in a conflict between the death penalty system and the principle of non-extradition to death penalty.Finally，the defects of our criminal evidence system affect the conduct of extradition indirectly.These institutional obstacles in extradition practice will undoubtedly affect the effective assistance of international criminal judicial，damage our judicial sovereignty and authority，as well as state property interests.The author believes that to solve the problem of application of the principle，it should be relatively admitted the death penalty in the domestic legislation and the bilateral treaty of extradition principle and contribute to the bilateral treaty actively.Then we should decrease the application of death penalty gradually and seek the alternative measures of extradition actively.Meanwhile，it is indispensable to improve the corresponding criminal laws and regulations，respect and protect human rights so as to fight international crime powerfully. Key words ： The Principle of Non-extradition to Death Penalty；Institutional obstacles；Judicial assistance；Extradition 第二次世界大战后，由于人权运动的发展，世界各国掀起了一股废除死刑的浪潮，同时推动了死刑不引渡原则的发展。在很短时间内，世界各国都制定了有关引渡制度的国内法，如1981年《瑞士联邦国际刑事司法协助法》，很多国家也签订了含有死刑不引渡原则的双边条约和多边公约，如《美利坚合众国和墨西哥合众国引渡条约》，1957年《欧洲引渡公约》等等。死刑不引渡原则在国际刑事司法合作领域占有重要位置。目前，死刑不引渡原则的适用在我国出现了很多冲突和问题，必然不利于我国对外逃罪犯的打击。因此，有必要对此进行探讨 一、死刑不引渡原则在我国适用的制度障碍 （一）《引渡法》关于死刑不引渡原则的规