地震工程课件 工程地震部分 第三章 地震烈度、烈度表和烈度评定.pptVIP

Requirements to my students Students just for s. h., read the provided materials, listen to my lecture, join the discussion, and learn from the comments. Students interested in this area, all above mentioned + read the reading materials. Students going to start their careers in this area, all above mentioned + visit Web Sites often and read more references. / / / Very Important ! Engineering Seismology (1) Strong Ground Motion Intensity Intensity The term of “seismic intensity” is used to denote severity of an earthquake at a particular place. Since it is attempted to express quantitatively such a complex phenomenon as an earthquake by a single numerical measure, there is a fundamental illogicality involved; With increasing distance the severity of earthquake normally decreases. Hence, severe earthquakes would be associated with various intensity values in different localities. Earthquake intensities are assigned through the field observations of earthquake effects and it is useful quantitative information of direct utility for engineering purposes. Isoseismal (line) 等震线 “同一次地震影响下破坏程度(或烈度)相同的各点的联线” “一次地震造成的地震烈度的分区图”更为贴切。 一般情况下，地震烈度随震中距离的增加而递减。通常等震线是封闭的，线内地区的烈度等于或高于一定烈度，线外地区的烈度低于此烈度。有烈度资料的地点愈多，分布愈密，等震线的轮廊愈明确、可靠。 Isoseismal line and isoseismal map Contours connecting sites where the earthquake intensities were equal are called isoseismal lines. The map showing such lines is called an isoseismal map. If ground conditions from source to observation sites are of uniform characteristics and if energy releases by earthquake has an uniform radiation pattern in all directions the isoseismals will have circular shape. However, this is not the case … … 等震线图的特征 假设震源为一个点，地震波辐射没有方向性，传播介质均一，且各观测点的环境条件相同，则各等震线应是环绕震中的一系列同心圆。实际情况远非如此。1）震源体有一定的长度和方向，地震波的辐射也有方向性。因此，等震线常呈椭圆形，其长轴方向与发震断裂的走向相同。这在近场等震线表现得较为明显。2）地形、松散沉积物的分布受区域构造线控制。沿构造线方向地震波的衰减率常小于垂直方向。随震中距离的增大，等震线长轴逐渐转向地区的主构造线方向，且与区域的山川、水系的走向大体一致。 烈度异常(abnormal) 地形地貌条件的影响 场地土质条件的影响 地下水埋藏深度的影响 当地房屋抗震性能的差异 地震烈度的衰减 烈度衰减关系(Inten