chap与ter_1_简介和翻译标准.ppt

《英译汉》课程教学大纲??;课程的教学内容;英汉翻译类参考书目;Translating consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source language message, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style. (Nida) 　　 Translation may be defined as follows: the replacement of textural material in one language (SL) by equivalent textual material in another language. (TL). (Catford) ;Connotation of Translation;　　翻译的规律难以译出原文的言外之意。许多句子的真正意义在言外。言外之意是语言的内涵,译者能译出语言内涵的翻译技能就是其翻译的艺术性。 Are you an associate professor now ? (1) You are an associate professor , aren’t you ?　(2)Don’t you know you are still an associate professor ?(3) As you are so capable and knowledgeable ,are you still an associate professor now ?　　(4)Are you an associate professor ?No wonder you have been ignored. 翻译的规律无论如何也无法译出这么多言外之意,也就是说翻译规律在处理深层涵义方面苍白无力。翻译必须求助于译者的认知艺术和译者灵活的创造性,才能使译文达到“神似”。翻译中能使译文神似原文的手法就是艺术。;翻译的类别;对译者的要求 ;2） 具有丰富的文化知识，熟悉以英语为母语的国家的诸如历史、宗教、政治、地理、军事、外交、经济、文艺、科学、风土人情、民俗习惯等方面的社会文化。这有助于正确理解原文，完美地表达原作所要传达的思想内容。 3） 熟悉翻译理论和常用技巧，善于灵活运用各种翻译技巧。 4） 熟悉各种工具书。 ;英汉翻译的标准: Pp8-10;泰特勒（Tytler）:1.the translation should give a complete transcript of the idea of the original work. 2. the style and manner of writing should be of the same character with that of the original. 3.the translation should have all the ease of the original composition. 英国人,翻译家.于1790年著《论翻译的原理》一书,提出了著名的翻译三原则: 1.译文应完全复写出原作的思想。 2.译文的风格和笔调应与原文的性质相同。 3.译文与原作同样流畅。 ;尤金.奈达（1914-）: translation consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source language, first in terms of meaning, and secondly in terms of style.;翻译实质上就是一个语际转换的过程.{ SL SOURCE LANGUAGE /TL TARGET LANGUAGE };英汉翻译过程 里查兹: translating is probably the most complex type of event in the history of the cosmos. 过程：理解，表达，校核;理解是翻译的前提: 1.理解上下文 Examples: Suddenly the line went limp. “I’m going back,” said Kurth, “we must have a break somewhere. Wait for me, I’ll be back in 5 minutes.” John is now with his parents in New York. It