[上灿脶]Unit One.ppt

Part Summary [1~2] Introduction to the Research Problem: An increasing number of researches have been conducted to study the power of positive thinking. Psychologists believe that teaching people to think more positively is like inoculating them against mental ills such as depression, loneliness and shyness. Part Summary [3~9] The importance of self-confidence in achieving success [3] As pointed by psychologist Scheier, ones self-confidence is a more important factor than ones ability in achieving success. One reason why optimists are more likely to succeed is that they deal with problems in different ways than pessimists. Part Summary [4~5] Example One: Schulmans research. Among the sales representatives in Metropolitan Insurance Co., optimists - both experienced or newly-hired - sold more insurance than pessimists. [7] Example Two: Andersons research. When unable to obtain blood donation for Red Cross, pessimists give up readily while optimists try a different approach. Part Summary [8~9] Andersons explanation: Negative or positive thinking is a self-fulfilling prophecy. A sense of control is the litmus test for success. Part Summary [10~12] Optimism gives people a more healthy life. [10] Example Three: Livys research. Women with breast cancer will live longer if they are optimistic. [11] Example Four: A long-term study on Harvard Graduates. Optimism may prevent diseases. [12] Example Five: Dr. Christopher Petersons findings. The pessimist doesnt take good care of himself, and thus the bodys immune system is undermined.. Part Summary [13~14] Ones pattern of thinking is learned behavior. Although many people are not easily classified as pessimists or optimists, their way of thinking is a habit acquired since childhood. Part Summary [15~16] People can be trained to think more positively. [15] Example Six: Dr. Carol Dwecks work with floundering school children Changing explanations for their failure resulted in improved academic performance. [16] Example S