熟能生巧、动态比较优势与产业竞争均衡.docVIP

PAGE PAGE 10 熟能生巧、动态比较优势与产业竞争均衡 ——企业战略联盟的一种理论解释 贾良定 (北京大学光华管理学院博士后流动站，100871；南京大学商学院，210093) 内容提要：本文试图在要素共享条件下，基于熟能生巧效应和动态比较优势理论，证明联盟作为产业竞争均衡的存在性。本文建立了2×2模型：一个产业存在2个企业和2项互补性的任务。基于熟能生巧效应和超边际分析方法，本文构造了动态的企业生产函数和考察了自给自足、专业化分工和联盟三种可能的交易结构。动态地看，企业不仅根据当期比较优势，而且根据任务在长期竞争中的重要性、自身在各任务中的学习能力以及相对资源实力决定自身战略行为。由于熟能生巧效应，完全专业化意味着放弃某些潜在学习机会，因此联盟是可信的产业竞争均衡。本文给出了各种竞争均衡的具体条件。 关键词：熟能生巧 比较优势 企业联盟 Learning by Doing, Dynamic Comparative Advantage and Competitive Equilibrium in an Industry ——An Explanation of Strategic Alliance Between Enterprises Jia Liangding Guanghua School of Management, Peking University, 100871 Business School, Nanjing University, 210093 Abstract: On the assumption of sharing some resources between enterprises and on the basis of the theories about learning by doing and dynamic comparative advantage, this paper proves that the strategic alliances between enterprises are the possible competitive equilibrium in an industry. The paper develops a 2×2 model of an industry consisting of two enterprises and two complementary tasks, and the enterprise enjoys a dynamic production function because of learning by doing. From both static and dynamic angle, we study respectively three possible transaction structures in an industry that are autarky, specialization and alliance. In fact, a firm makes the strategic decision (e.g. choosing the division of specialization) not only according to its static comparative advantage, but also according to its learning capability in each task and activity, the strategic importance of each task or activity in competition, and its comparative advantage of resources. If it is engaged in complete specialization in some tasks, an enterprise may lose the potential learning chance on other tasks because the productivity results from learning by doing. Therefore, the strategic alliances between enterprises are the possible competitive equilibrium in an industry. Key words: Learning by Doing(D830), Comparative Advantage(F100)