4资源和贸易 赫克歇尔 俄林模型.pptVIP

YOU ARE WELCOME ! International Economics 国际经济学 主讲：余道先 ydxdhy@ Chapter 4 Resources and Trade: The Heckscher-Ohlin Model 资源和贸易：赫克歇尔－俄林模型 Chapter Organization Introduction A Model of a Two-Factor Economy （两要素经济模型） Effects of International Trade Between Two-Factor Economies （国际贸易对两要素经济的影响） Empirical Evidence on the Heckscher-Ohlin Model （赫克歇尔－俄林模型的实证检验） Summary Introduction In the real world, while trade is partly explained by differences in labor productivity, it also reflects differences in countries’ resources.（在现实世界中, 劳动生产率之间的差异可以部分地解释贸易产生的原因，而贸易的产生同样反映了国家间资源禀赋的差异。 ） Introduction The Heckscher-Ohlin theory argues that differences in labor, labor skills, physical capital, land or other factors of production across countries create productive differences that explain why trade occurs. Countries have a relative abundance of factors of production. Production processes use factors of production with relative intensity. The Heckscher-Ohlin theory: Emphasizes resource differences as the only source of trade（强调要素禀赋差异是贸易产生的唯一动因） Shows that comparative advantage is influenced by: Relative factor abundance (refers to countries) 相对要素充裕度（就国家而言） Relative factor intensity (refers to goods) 相对要素密集度（就产品而言） Is also referred to as the factor-proportions theory（要素比例理论） A Model of a Two-Factor Economy Assumptions of the Model An economy can produce two goods, cloth and food. The production of these goods requires two inputs that are in limited supply; labor (L) and land (T). Production of food is land-intensive and production of cloth is labor-intensive in both countries. A Model of a Two-Factor Economy Let’s define two factors of production, labor services and land. aTC = hectares of land used to produce one m2 of cloth aLC = hours of labor used to produce one m2 of cloth aTF = hectares of land used to produce one calorie of food aLF = hours of labor used to produce one calorie of food L = total amount of labor services available for production T = total amount of land