Feminism(女权主义课件).pptVIP

Feminism The movements and theoretical developments were historically led predominantly by middle-class white women from Western Europe and North America, but, since then, more women have proposed additional feminisms. Distinction between sex and gender The distinction between sex and gender is generally that sex is biological (e.g., chromosomal or morphological) while gender is social or cultural (e.g., how societies structure relationships). The feminist movement (also known as the Womens Movement, Womens Liberation, or Womens Lib) refers to a series of campaigns for reforms on issues such as reproductive rights, domestic violence, maternity leave, equal pay, voting rights, sexual harassment, and sexual violence. The goals of the movement vary from country to country, e.g. opposition to female genital cutting in Sudan, or to the glass ceiling in Western countries. First wave The first wave refers to the feminism movement of the 18th through early 20th centuries, which dealt mainly with the Suffrage. Writers such as Virginia Woolf are associated with the ideas of the First Wave of feminism. In her book A Room of Ones Own, Woolf describes how men socially and psychically dominate women. The argument of the book is that women are simultaneously victims of themselves as well as victims of men and are upholders of society by acting as mirrors to men.She recognizes the social constructs that restrict women in society and uses literature to contextualize it for other women. Second wave The second wave (1950s-1980s) was concerned with gender inequality in laws and culture. It built on what had been achieved in the First Wave, and began adapting the ideas to America. Simone de Beauvoir is associated with this wave because of her idea of women as the other. This idea was touched on in the writing of Woolf, and was adapted to apply not only to the gender roles of women in the household or at work, but also their sexuality. Beauvoir set the tone for later Feminist theor