第三章英汉语言对比1.ppt

试比较下列英汉句子的谓语。 天高云淡。（形容词作谓语） The sky is high and the clouds are pale. 他出国留学去了。（连动式谓语） He has gone abroad for further studies. 我介绍他加入协会。（兼语式谓语） I recommended him for membership of the association. 三、形合与意合 （Hypotactic vs. Paratactic） 所谓形合，指的是句中的词语或分句之间用语言形式手段（如关联词）连接起来，表达语法意义和逻辑关系。The American Heritage Dictionary给形合定义为：“The dependent or subordinate construction or relationship of clauses with connectives, for example, I shall despair if you don’t come.”英语造句主要采用形合法（Hypotaxis）。 所谓意合，指的是词语或分句之间不用语言形式手段连接，句中的语法意义和逻辑关系通过习语或分句的含义表达。The American Heritage Dictionary给意合定义为：“The arranging of clauses one after the other without connectives showing the relation between them. Example: The rain fell; the river flooded; the house washed away.”汉语造句主要采用意合法（Parataxis）。 英语的形合法 英语造句常用各种形式手段连接词、语、分句或从句，注重显性连接（overt cohesion），注重句子形式，注重结构完整，注重以形显义。 1. 关系词和连接词。 关系词包括关系代词、关系副词、连接代词和连接副词，如who，whom，whose，that，which，what，when，where，why，how等，用来连接主句和定语从句、主语从句、宾语从句或表语从句。连接词包括并列连词和从属连词，如and，or，but，yet，so，however，as well as，(n)either…(n)or…及when，while，as，since，until，so…what，unless，lest等，用来连接词、词组、分句或状语从句。 When I try to understand what it is that prevents so many Americans from being as happy as one might expect, it seems to me that there are two causes, of which one goes much deeper than the other. 为什么如此众多的美国人不能如想象中那样幸福呢？我认为原因有二，而两者之间又有深浅之分。 It had been a fine, golden autumn, a lovely farewell to those who would lose their youth, and some of them their lives, before the leaves turned again in a peacetime fall. 那是个天气晴朗、黄金可爱的秋天，美好的秋色为那些青年们送别。待到战后和平时期，荒野纷飞的秋天再度来临，当日的青年已经失去青春，有的丧失了生命。 2. 介词。介词包括简单介词（如with，no，in，of，about，between，through）、合成介词（如inside，onto，upon，within，without，throughout）和成语介词（如according to，along with，apart from，because of，in front of，on behalf of，with regard to）。 The many colors of a rainbow range from red on the outside to violet on the inside. 彩虹有多种颜色，外圈红，内圈紫。 This was an intelligently organized and fervent meeting in a packed Town Hall, with Mr. St