英语翻译技巧与艺术.ppt

Lecture Three Disparity Between “Corresponding Words” in English and Chinese 1.Semantic Range and Classification Word-sentence-text Choice of proper words is of primary importance in translation Words----notional (a. objects or physical actions ;b. qualities, concepts or mental activites,c. thoughts, feelings, imaginations and morality); functional words (relation between different parts of the sentence, or logical relations in meaning). What’s in a name? That which we call a rose By any other name would smell as sweet. Words-arbitrary Xunzi(荀子) said in his 《正名篇》：“名无固宜，约之以命。约定俗成胃之宜，异于约则胃之不宜”。---conventionality—community Core vocabulary: sun ,man, woman, walk, stand, sleep, love, hate. Ox cow buffalo yak(牦牛) bison（野牛） Goat, sheep, ram(公羊), ewe（母羊） ,lamb Lexical gap 1.他手里拿着一本书 He had a book in his hand. 他手里抱着个孩子。 He had a baby in his arms. 2.他们手拉着手。 They were hand in hand. 他们手挽着手。 They were arm in arm. 3.她手上戴着一枚砖石戒指。 She wore a diamond ring on her finger. 他手上戴着一块进口手表。 He wore an important watch on his wrist. 对不起，我忘了带筷子了，只好请大家用手了。（I’m sorry you have to use your fingers because I forgot to bring any chopsticks today.） “one’s fingers itch” A gentle man uses his tongue not his fists. Extended meanings and transferred meanings The project needed more hands.(人手) The painting shows the hand of a master.(手法) He writes a blind hand.(书法，字迹) The hour hand of the clock pointed at seven. Bear a hand in(参与) By the strong hand (强制地) Eat out of sb’s hand (完全顺从) Fast with one’s hands(好打架) Fold one’s hands(袖手旁观) Gain sb’s hand (得到某人的允婚) Throw up one’s hand(认输) Play a lone hand (单枪匹马地干) Live from hand to mouth(勉强糊口) Word –phrase Lexicalization –grammaticalization Affixation ----compounds Teary , actressy , shorty( She was seldom seen in a shorty nightgown ) 2. Collocational Meaning Adjective N ----Verb object Heavy rain heavy sky heavy style heavy features heavy hitter heavy crop Low season, dull season ,off season, slack season; high season, peak season, busy season,