英语语法专题.pptVIP

* 名词性从句 在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句。 名词从句的功能相当于名词词组,具有名词的语法功能，可分为： 主语从句；宾语从句 表语从句；同位语从句 引导名词从句的连接词可分为三类： 连接词：that, whether, if（不做句子成分，只起连接作用） 连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which, whichever 连接副词：when, whenever, where, wherever, how, however, why等 1. 同位语从句 同位语从句常放在名词后面，说明该名词的具体内容，这里名词称为同位语从句的先行词。同位语从句的先行词多为： fact, news, idea, thought, question, reply, report, order, remark，hope, evidence, conclusion, rumor, decision, promise, theory, belief, information, principle, truth，possibility, doubt, words等 注意：有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在说明的名词后面，而被别的词隔开，在语法上叫做分隔式同位语从句。 (1) that引导的同位语 引导词that在同位语从句中是连词，只起连接作用，无具体词义，that不可省略。 There are signs that restaurants are becoming more popular with families. 有迹象表明一家人到饭店聚餐越来越普及。 The thought came to her that maybe she had left the door open when she left home. 她突然想起可能在她离开家时没把门关上。 (2)whether和wh-疑问词引导的同位语从句 这些词在同位语从句中作一定的句子成分，不能省略。 I have no idea whether he’ll come or not. 我不知道他会不会来。 The problem why are you going to give up the plan has not been answered yet. 你为什么要放弃这个计划，对这个问题你还没有回答。 注意：whether 可引导同位语从句，但if不能引导同位语从句。 2. 宾语从句 (1) that引导的宾语从句 that通常可以省略。that引导的宾语从句也可用it代替，it作形式宾语，that引导的宾语从句放在句尾。 She suggested (that) the meeting be put off till next Friday. 她建议会议推迟到下周五。 We consider it absolutely necessary that we should open our door to the outside world. 我们认为打开国门，实行改革开放是绝对必要的。 (2)wh-词引导的宾语从句 如：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which，whichever，when, whenever，where, wherever，how, however，why，whether, if等。这些词在宾语从句中作一定的句子成分，不能省略，宾语从句用正常语序。 ______ difficulties we may come across, we’ll help one another to overcome them. A. Wherever B. Whatever C. However D. Whenever 答案为B。无论我们遇到什么困难,我们都将互相帮助克服它们. She asked me where the post office was. 她问我邮局在哪里。 3. 主语从句 (1)that引导的主语从句 that引导的主语从句置于句首时，that不能省略。为了保持句子的平衡，常用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语从句放在句后。 That he likes such kind of books is very interesting. It is very interesting that he likes such kind of books. 他喜欢这种书，真是有趣。 How is it ____ your roommate’s request and yours are identical？ A. if