第11章的信息与知识管理.pptVIP

11.6 创新中的知识管理机制 讨论性问题 1. 什么是众包? 众包与外包有什么区别与联 系? 2. 民主化创新有哪些特点? 3. 请再举一个国内企业开展众包的例 实践性问题 1. 除了之前案例中的海尔将用户的创新需求放在企业创新战略的优先考虑地位,实践中还有哪些国内或国外企业有类似的特征? 请各举一例。 2. 参照西门子的知识管理体系,你认为中国企业应当从哪些方面完善自身的知识管理体系? 在这个过程中可能遇到的挑战有哪些,应该如何克服? 思考题 1、简述两种创新市场分析的路径流程，并就它们各自的优缺点进行比较。 2、为什么企业要实行全员创新？比较全员创新在四个阶段中的各自特点。 3、知识管理体系的内涵包括哪些方面？企业可以采取哪些具体措施进行知识管理？ * · First bicycle ridden off road: This depends on one’s definition of bicycle. In 1816 Baron Karl von Drais built what came to be known as a draisine. He rode it in the forests of the Duke of Baden as the duke’s “Master of Woods and Forests”. · First bike with pneumatic tires ridden off road: In 1887, Irish veterinary surgeon John B. Dunlop fitted a piece of rubber hose to his son’s bicycle. The superior air suspension this provided over solid tires led to world-wide acceptance by 1891. Tire sizes were commonly 30 x 1.5” and 28 x 1.5”. No doubt, bikes with these tires were ridden on dirt, as there were few paved roads. · First bike with fat tires ridden off road: The “fat tire,” that is one having a cross-sectional diameter of 2” or more, is what later fired the imagination of so many to how far a bicycle could go off road. It gave the mountain bike its extreme degree of ruggedness. Bicycle fat tires, also known as balloon tires, came into existence in the early 1930s, possibly late 1920s. Whether the first balloon-tire bike to be ridden off road was American or European (possibly German), I don’t know. Semperit had a 26 x 2” tire in the early 1930s. Arnold, Schwinn Co. of Chicago was introduced to such a tire in Germany in 1932 and popularized the size in America. · First fat-bike with a derailleur ridden off road: As far as I know it was Russ Mahon of Cupertino, California (75 miles south of Marin County), who came up with this combination, in 1973. He grafted derailleurs onto a 1930s balloon0 tire bike built by the Cleveland Welding Company. He also put thumbshifters on this bike. Three Cupertino riders including Mahon showed